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MD1 Exercise > Exercise Physiology: Muscle, Fuels and Fatigue > Flashcards

Exercise Physiology: Muscle, Fuels and Fatigue Flashcards

1
Q

What fuels do type I muscle fibres rely heavily on?

A

Oxidative fuels, including lipids

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2
Q

What is the association between type I fibres and lipid storage?

A

If you have more type I fibres, you store less lipid

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3
Q

What proportion of body mass is made of muscle in most people?

A

40%

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4
Q

Which muscle fibre types are mainly found in humans?

A

Type I and IIa

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5
Q

Which muscle fibre types are probably found only in super sprinters, who are most likely born with them?

A

Type IIx

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6
Q

What is another name for type I fibres?

A

Slow twitch fibres

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7
Q

What is another name for type IIa fibres?

A

Fast twitch fibres

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8
Q

Which muscle fibre type reaches peak tension first?

A

Type IIa

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9
Q

Rank the muscle fibre types in order of force/power output, from highest to lowest

A

Type IIx >IIa >I

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10
Q

Rank the muscle fibre types in order of endurance capacity, from highest to lowest

A

Type I >IIa >IIx

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11
Q

Rank the muscle fibre types in order of proportion in whole muscle, from highest to lowest

A

Type I >IIa >IIx

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12
Q

Rank the muscle fibre types in order of mitochondrial density, from highest to lowest?

A

Type I >IIa >IIx

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13
Q

How do type I fibres in females differ from those in males, and why?

A

Females have slightly more type I fibres and have more efficient oxidation
Thought to be because of oestrogen

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14
Q

As the muscular force generated increases, in which order are muscle fibre types recruited?

A

Recruit slow twitch, smaller fibres first

Fast twitch fibres recruited next

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15
Q

Can muscle fibre types be changed?

A

Can turn some fast twitch fibres, especially type IIa, into slow twitch fibres
No real evidence to show switch from slow twitch fibres to fast twitch

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16
Q

In response to high-intensity resistance training, what is the rate of neural and muscle adaptations?

A

Neural adaptations happen very quickly, but muscle adaptation much slower

17
Q

What is the relationship between muscle mass and disuse?

A

Muscle mass lost very quickly with inactivity

18
Q

What does bed rest activate in muscles?

A

Atrophy proteins via unknown mechanism

19
Q

What are the mitchochondrial adaptations to exercise training?

A

Increased mitochondrial density and oxidative enzymes
Reduced carbohydrate use and lactate production
Increased fat oxidation
Enhanced endurance performance
Improved insulin action

20
Q

What is the relationship between exercise and skeletal muscle GLUT4 expression?

A

Exercise activates GLUT4 expression in muscles, independent of insulin

21
Q

How long do ATP stores in muscle last for during exercise?

A

2-15 sec

22
Q

What can creatine phosphate do during explosive activity?

A

Transfer its phosphate to ADP

23
Q

What happens to the rate of exercise when using lipids as an energy source, and why?

A

Becomes slower

Rate of ATP production significantly slower when using free fatty acids compared to carbohydrates

24
Q

Is the amount of ATP that can be generated from free fatty acid oxidation limited?

A

No, not even in very skinny marathon runner

25
Q

What is the relative use of fuels during different duration sprints?

A

Power output decreases with increasing duration
Amount of glycolysis doesn’t really change
Energy from phosphocreatine makes significant contribution, which decreases with time

26
Q

What is the relative use of fuels during different intensities of exercise?

A

As exercise intensity increases, glycogen becomes most important fuel source
Fat usage increases with intensity, then decreases, until it will eventually stop

27
Q

What are some factors influencing exercise metabolism?

A 
Exercise intensity and duration
Diet 
Training
Environmental temperature
Age and gender
28
Q

How does training influence fat utilisation?

A

With training, increase fat utilisation for given exercise intensity

29
Q

How does the environmental temperature influence fuel usage during exercise?

A

Increased temperature > increased carbohydrate use

30
Q

What is fatigue?

A

Reduction in force and power generating capacity

31
Q

What is fatigue induced by?

A

Muscle contractile activity

32
Q

Is fatigue reversible?

A

Yes

33
Q

What is weakness induced by?

A

Happens at rest, and would probably be exacerbated by muscle contractile activity

34
Q

As you undertake a required force, your maximum possible force decreases. When does this become a problem?

A

Maximum possible force becomes less than required force

35
Q

What happens when muscle glycogen stores are depleted during exercise?

A

Unable to maintain exercise intensity

36
Q

What effect does carbohydrate ingestion before exercise have on your exercise capacity?

A

Improves it

MD1 Exercise (10 decks)

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