Exercise Physiology

Question 0

What are the three type of muscle found in the body.

Answer 0

Skeletal muscle
Smooth muscle
Cardiac muscle

Question 1

Define adaption.

Answer 1

Beneficial physiological changes that occur in response to exercise training.

Question 2

What two proteins slide past one another in the sliding filament theory of muscle contraction?

Answer 2

Actin & Myosin

Question 3

What is the functional contractile unit of muscle tissue?

Answer 3

Sarcomere

Question 4

What is the chemical fuel for energy in the human body?

Answer 4

ATP

Question 5

In anaerobic glycolysis, which fuel is broken down to generate ATP?

Answer 5

Glucose.

Question 6

List two reasons why lactic acid is associated with muscular fatigue.

Answer 6

Muscle is more acidic due to low PH

It stimulates pain receptors.

Question 7

From which energy system is lactic acid produced?

Answer 7

Anaerobic glycolysis

Question 8

Is lactic acid a major cause of the soreness the day following exercise? If not what does cause delayed onset muscle soreness?

Answer 8

No, lactic acid is a not responsible for DOMS it is caused by inflammation and muscle damage due to micro tears.

Question 9

In the aerobic system, which fuels are broken down to generate ATP?

Answer 9

Glucose & Fatty Acid

AKA Fats & Carbohydrates

Question 10

Where in the cell does the aerobic system take place?

Answer 10

Mitochondria

Question 11

What factors determine the proportion of fat vs.carbohydrate usage during exercise?

Answer 11

Intensity
Duration
Availability of fuels

Question 12

What is the storage form of glucose?

Answer 12

Glycogen

Question 13

Which fuel in the body is virtually unlimited?

Answer 13

Fats

Question 14

What are some major causes off fatigue during prolonged endurance exercise?

Answer 14

Hyperthermia
Hypoglycemia 
Dehydration 
Glycogen depletion
Psychological factors

Question 15

Define the term “glycogen sparing.”

Answer 15

Fit people use glycogen a bit more and fats a little bit better.

Question 16

Which fuel (fat or carbohydrate) is preferred by fast twitch glycolytic fibers?

Answer 16

Fast twitch glycolytic fibers prefer glucose as fuel so carbohydrates.

Question 17

How do Type II muscle fibers differ from Type I fibers?

Answer 17

Type I is slow twitch Type II is fast twitch.

Question 18

What does EPOC start for?

Answer 18

Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption

Question 19

Why does metabolic rate remain elevated following and exercise session?

Answer 19

It stays elevated due to increased body temperature, increased catecholamine levels & other factors.

Question 20

Define max VO2 max. How is VO2 Max expressed in terms of its units?

Answer 20

It is the maximum volume of oxygen the body can use. It represents the highest level of oxygen consumption measured during a maximal exercise test and is expressed in units of ml/kg/min

Question 21

Name at least Kane field test that can brushed to estimate V02 max.

Answer 21

1.5 mile / 12 min run

1 mile walk

Question 22

What two components determine V02 max?

Answer 22

Cardiac Output and a-v02 difference. Q x a-V02 difference. In other words; the body’s ability to utilize oxygen is dependent on two factors.

1. ) The hearts ability to pump blood.
2. ) The cells ability to remove oxygen from the blood passing by.

Question 23

Define the a-vO2 difference.

Answer 23

The difference in the amount of oxygen between the arteries and the veins.

Question 24

Define cardiac output. What is the resting cardiac output?

Answer 24

Cardiac output is the amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute. Cardiac output = heart rate x stroke volume. Q=HR x SV. Both HR and SV increase during exercise. An average resting cardiac output in and adult is 5 L/min.

Question 25

To what area des most of the cardiac output go at rest? During exercise?

Answer 25

Most of the resting blood flow goes to the viscera (internal organs ) but during exercise blood is shunted from the viscera to the skeletal muscle.

Question 26

Define stroke volume.

Answer 26

The amount of blood pumped by the heart per beat.

Question 27

What two components determine cardiac output?

Answer 27

Heart rate and stroke volume. Cardiac Output = HR x SV Q = HR x SV

Question 28

What are the major chronic adaptions to aerobic training?

Answer 28

``` Increased number and size of mitochondria. Increased maximal stroke volume and cardiac output. Increased number of capillaries. Increased myoglobin content. Increased maximal a-v O2 difference. Increased blood volume. Increased VO2 max. Decreased resting heart rate. ``` Amount of overload determines degree of adaption.

Question 29

True or False : Maximal heart rate increases as a result of aerobic training?

Answer 29

False. Maximal heart rate does not hanger after aerobic training but resting heart rate does decrease after aerobic training.