Coronary Risk Factors & Physical Fitness

Question 1

What are the four major types of cardiovascular disease?

Answer 1

The four major types of cardiovascular disease are:

CAD: coronary artery disease
CVD: cerebrovascular disease
CHF: chronic heart failure
PAD: Peripheral arterial disease

Question 2

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

Answer 2

The function of the coronary arteries is to supply the Mycrocardium; the heart, with oxygen.

Question 3

Plaque rupture followed by a _______________ formation is the major trigger for 90% of all heart attacks.

Answer 3

Blood clot formation.

Question 4

Over ___% of all heart attacks occur at rest.

Answer 4

90%

Question 5

List at least three symptoms of a heart attack.

Answer 5

Symptoms of heart attacks include:

chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, anxiety, fatigue, dizziness, cold sweats and pain in the left shoulder or arm.

Question 6

Have death rates from coronary artery disease and stroke increased or decreased in the US since 1960? By how much?

Answer 6

There has been a 60% decrease in death rates for CAD and a 75% decrease in death rates for stroke since 1960. The decrease is credited to changes in lifestyle and advanced medical care.

Question 7

List the eight major risk factors for CAD.

Answer 7

Abnormal cholesterol levels
Hypertension - high blood pressure
Tobacco use
Pre-diabetes  
Family History
Sedentary Lifestyle
Obesity
Age

are the eight major risk factors for CAD.

Question 8

A LDL value of 130-159 mg/dl is categorized as?

List other LDL Cholesterol Levels?

What is LDL?

Answer 8

Borderline high.

<100 - Optimal 
100-129 : Near Optimal / Above Optimal
130-159 : Borderline High
160-189 : High
190+ : Very High

Low Density Lipoprotein

Question 9

A HDL value of <___ is considered a CAD risk factor.

List other HDL levels.

What does HDL stand for?

Answer 9

40 mg/dl

< 40 mg/dl : Low & Major Risk Factor
40-59 mg/dl : Normal
> 60 mg/dl : High “Negative Risk Factor”

High Density Lipoprotein

Question 10

True or False: If HDL is 60 mg/dl or greater one major risk factor can be subtracted from the total number of risk factors.

Answer 10

True: It is considered a “negative risk factor”

Question 11

What types of food does the DASH plan emphasize?

Answer 11

That DASH plan emphasizes eating fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains and low-fat dairy.

Question 12

Hypertension is defined as a resting systolic blood pressure of greater than or equal to ____ mmHg Or a resting diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to ____ mmHg on 2 or more separate occasions.

List Blood Pressure Norms.

Answer 12

140 mmHg / 90 mmHg

Question 13

A resting blood pressure of 126/82 mmHg is considered to be in the __________ category.

List Blood Pressure Norms.

Answer 13

Pre-hypertension

<80 : Normal
120-139/80-80 : Pre-hypertension
140-159/90-99 : Stage 1 Hypertension
160+/190+ : Stage 2 Hypertension

Question 14

Is resting blood pressure of 116/84 mmHg is considered to be in the __________ category.

List Blood Pressure Norms.

Answer 14

Pre-hypertension.

<80 : Normal
120-139/80-80 : Pre-hypertension
140-159/90-99 : Stage 1 Hypertension
160+/190+ : Stage 2 Hypertension

Question 15

Hypertensive individuals are at increased risk for __________, _________, __________, and __________.

Answer 15

Hypertensive individuals are at increased risk for CAD, stroke, cardiac heart failure and kidney disease.

Question 16

Approximately how many people die each year in the United States as a result of smoking? List several diseases that are caused by smoking.

Answer 16

Smoking is the cause of approximately 445,000 deaths each year and is linked to Cancer, stroke, CAD, CHF, COPD and PAD.

Question 17

A fasting blood glucose level of 116 mg/dl on two separate occasions is considered to be in the __________ category.

Answer 17

Prediabetes

Question 18

Diabetes is diagnosed with fasting blood sugar levels are greater then >_____ on two separate occasions.

Answer 18

125 mm/dl

Question 19

Moderate aerobic activity is defined as an intensity between ____% and _____% of target heart rate reserve.

Answer 19

40% - 59% or 3-6 METS

Question 20

All healthy adults aged 18 to 65 need moderate intensity aerobic physical activity for a minimum of ____ minutes on ___ or more days each week.

Answer 20

30 minutes 5 or more days per week for a total of 150 minutes per week.

Question 21

True or False: Fitness shows an inverse relationship to fasting blood triglyceride and insulin levels as well as resting blood pressure.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Fitness shows a direct relation to which type of cholesterol?

Answer 22

Fitness shows a direct relation to HDL cholesterol. As cardiorespiratory fitness increases so does HDL levels.

Question 23

Listed to contributing risk factors for CAD.

Answer 23

Contributing risk factors for CAD include elevated blood triglyceride levels and stress.

Question 24

What BMI levels are considered “overweight” and “obese” for men and women? Should BMI be used as an overweight or obesity indicator in extremely muscular individuals?

Answer 24

A BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight and a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese for men and women. BMI should not be used on extremely muscular individuals as it often falsely categorizes them overweight.

Question 25

True or False: BMI provides a measure of weight for height and is highly correlated to body fat percentage.

Answer 25

False. BMI is not a measure of percent body fat. BMI is only moderately correlated to body fat measurement when using underwater weighing as a standard for assessing percent body fat.

Question 26

Calculate your BMI value.

Answer 26

166 x 703 = 116,698/65 = 1,795.35/65 = 27.62

155 x 703 = 108,965/65 = 1,676.38/65 = 25.79

Question 27

Why is upper body visceral fat a greater health risk than upper body subcutaneous fat?

Answer 27

Visceral fat is a greater risk because it produces toxic chemicals into the bloodstream that causes endothelial damage, insulin resistance, and inflammation of the arteries.

Question 28

A fasting blood triglyceride value of greater than < ____ is considered in the normal category.

Answer 28

150 - Normal

Question 29

List the five components of metabolic syndrome.

Answer 29

Elevated blood triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol levels, high waist circumference, elevated resting blood pressure and elevated glucose levels are the five components of metabolic syndrome.

Question 30

True or False: Type H personality is characterized by hostility?

Answer 30

True

Question 31

How many CAD major risk factors do you currently have? How many contributing risk factors?

Answer 31

I am prediabetic due to medical history. Technically overweight due to BMI and waist circumference. I would say I have one of eight major contributing risk factors for CAD. I would consider myself to have one contributing risk factor for CAD; stress.