Coronary Risk Factors & Physical Fitness Flashcards
What are the four major types of cardiovascular disease?
The four major types of cardiovascular disease are:
CAD: coronary artery disease
CVD: cerebrovascular disease
CHF: chronic heart failure
PAD: Peripheral arterial disease
What is the function of the coronary arteries?
The function of the coronary arteries is to supply the Mycrocardium; the heart, with oxygen.
Plaque rupture followed by a _______________ formation is the major trigger for 90% of all heart attacks.
Blood clot formation.
Over ___% of all heart attacks occur at rest.
90%
List at least three symptoms of a heart attack.
Symptoms of heart attacks include:
chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, anxiety, fatigue, dizziness, cold sweats and pain in the left shoulder or arm.
Have death rates from coronary artery disease and stroke increased or decreased in the US since 1960? By how much?
There has been a 60% decrease in death rates for CAD and a 75% decrease in death rates for stroke since 1960. The decrease is credited to changes in lifestyle and advanced medical care.
List the eight major risk factors for CAD.
Abnormal cholesterol levels Hypertension - high blood pressure Tobacco use Pre-diabetes Family History Sedentary Lifestyle Obesity Age
are the eight major risk factors for CAD.
A LDL value of 130-159 mg/dl is categorized as?
List other LDL Cholesterol Levels?
What is LDL?
Borderline high.
<100 - Optimal 100-129 : Near Optimal / Above Optimal 130-159 : Borderline High 160-189 : High 190+ : Very High
Low Density Lipoprotein
A HDL value of <___ is considered a CAD risk factor.
List other HDL levels.
What does HDL stand for?
40 mg/dl
< 40 mg/dl : Low & Major Risk Factor
40-59 mg/dl : Normal
> 60 mg/dl : High “Negative Risk Factor”
High Density Lipoprotein
True or False: If HDL is 60 mg/dl or greater one major risk factor can be subtracted from the total number of risk factors.
True: It is considered a “negative risk factor”
What types of food does the DASH plan emphasize?
That DASH plan emphasizes eating fruits, vegetables, beans, whole grains and low-fat dairy.
Hypertension is defined as a resting systolic blood pressure of greater than or equal to ____ mmHg Or a resting diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to ____ mmHg on 2 or more separate occasions.
List Blood Pressure Norms.
140 mmHg / 90 mmHg
A resting blood pressure of 126/82 mmHg is considered to be in the __________ category.
List Blood Pressure Norms.
Pre-hypertension
<80 : Normal
120-139/80-80 : Pre-hypertension
140-159/90-99 : Stage 1 Hypertension
160+/190+ : Stage 2 Hypertension
Is resting blood pressure of 116/84 mmHg is considered to be in the __________ category.
List Blood Pressure Norms.
Pre-hypertension.
<80 : Normal
120-139/80-80 : Pre-hypertension
140-159/90-99 : Stage 1 Hypertension
160+/190+ : Stage 2 Hypertension
Hypertensive individuals are at increased risk for __________, _________, __________, and __________.
Hypertensive individuals are at increased risk for CAD, stroke, cardiac heart failure and kidney disease.
Approximately how many people die each year in the United States as a result of smoking? List several diseases that are caused by smoking.
Smoking is the cause of approximately 445,000 deaths each year and is linked to Cancer, stroke, CAD, CHF, COPD and PAD.
A fasting blood glucose level of 116 mg/dl on two separate occasions is considered to be in the __________ category.
Prediabetes
Diabetes is diagnosed with fasting blood sugar levels are greater then >_____ on two separate occasions.
125 mm/dl
Moderate aerobic activity is defined as an intensity between ____% and _____% of target heart rate reserve.
40% - 59% or 3-6 METS
All healthy adults aged 18 to 65 need moderate intensity aerobic physical activity for a minimum of ____ minutes on ___ or more days each week.
30 minutes 5 or more days per week for a total of 150 minutes per week.
True or False: Fitness shows an inverse relationship to fasting blood triglyceride and insulin levels as well as resting blood pressure.
True
Fitness shows a direct relation to which type of cholesterol?
Fitness shows a direct relation to HDL cholesterol. As cardiorespiratory fitness increases so does HDL levels.
Listed to contributing risk factors for CAD.
Contributing risk factors for CAD include elevated blood triglyceride levels and stress.
What BMI levels are considered “overweight” and “obese” for men and women? Should BMI be used as an overweight or obesity indicator in extremely muscular individuals?
A BMI between 25 to 29.9 is considered overweight and a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese for men and women. BMI should not be used on extremely muscular individuals as it often falsely categorizes them overweight.
True or False: BMI provides a measure of weight for height and is highly correlated to body fat percentage.
False. BMI is not a measure of percent body fat. BMI is only moderately correlated to body fat measurement when using underwater weighing as a standard for assessing percent body fat.
Calculate your BMI value.
166 x 703 = 116,698/65 = 1,795.35/65 = 27.62
155 x 703 = 108,965/65 = 1,676.38/65 = 25.79
Why is upper body visceral fat a greater health risk than upper body subcutaneous fat?
Visceral fat is a greater risk because it produces toxic chemicals into the bloodstream that causes endothelial damage, insulin resistance, and inflammation of the arteries.
A fasting blood triglyceride value of greater than < ____ is considered in the normal category.
150 - Normal
List the five components of metabolic syndrome.
Elevated blood triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol levels, high waist circumference, elevated resting blood pressure and elevated glucose levels are the five components of metabolic syndrome.
True or False: Type H personality is characterized by hostility?
True
How many CAD major risk factors do you currently have? How many contributing risk factors?
I am prediabetic due to medical history. Technically overweight due to BMI and waist circumference. I would say I have one of eight major contributing risk factors for CAD. I would consider myself to have one contributing risk factor for CAD; stress.
