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Anatomy & Kinesiology Flashcards

0
Q

Define kinesiology.

A

Kinesiology is the study of movement.

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1
Q

Define anatomy.

A

Anatomy is the study of structure.

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2
Q

Flexion and extension occur in the _________ plane.

A

Sagital plane

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3
Q

Abduction and adduction occur in the ___________ plane.

A

Frontal plane

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4
Q

Which plane divides the body into top and bottom halves?

A

The Transverse plane

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5
Q

What is the movement which decreases the angle of a joint?

A

Flexion

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6
Q

What is the movement which increases the angle of a joint?

A

Extension

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7
Q

What is the movement of a limb towards the midline of the body?

A

Adduction

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8
Q

What is the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body?

A

Abduction

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9
Q

What is the term for turning the sole of the foot inward, lifting its medial border.

A

Inversion

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10
Q

What are the four properties of muscle tissue?

A

Excitability : ability to respond to stimulus.

Contractibility : ability to contract producing force.

Extensibility : ability to stretch beyond resting length.

Elasticity : ability to return to its resting length without damage.

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11
Q

What is the All or None Law?

A

The All or None Law states that when a motor unit and the bundles of fibers that surround it are stimulated its fibers will perform at 100% their ability or not at all.

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12
Q

What are the types of muscle contractions?

A

Isometrically : static - a contraction in which the muscle generates force without change in length so no joint movement occurs.

Isotonically : concentric & eccentric - contractions where a muscle generates force while it is shortening or lengthening.

Isokinetically : contraction in which internal force is developed in the muscle but at a constant rate of speed.

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13
Q

List and briefly define two types of isotonic contraction.

A

Concentric - contractions occur when the muscle shortens as it generates force to overcome gravity as the weight is lifted.

Eccentric -contractions occur when the resistance is lowered. The muscle is lengthening as it slows the downward movement of the resistance of gravity pulling the weight down

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14
Q

When performing the positive phase of a dumbbell curl, the Biceps Brachii and Brachialis are performing a ( circle one ) concentric / eccentric contraction.

A

Concentric - It is contracting during the lifting/positive part of the curl.

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15
Q

True or False : Another term for the prime mover is the antagonist.

A

False. The prime mover is the agonist.

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16
Q

What is the Principle of Opposition?

A

Working opposing muscle groups when designing an exercise program in order to achieve balance.

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17
Q

What roles do muscles assume in performing movements?

A

Muscles can act as the agonist, antagonist or stabilizers.

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18
Q

Give two examples of two jointed muscles.

A

Bicept Brachii
Hamstrings
Rectus Femoris
Gastrocnemius

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19
Q

The muscle in opposition to the Iliopsoas is the _______________.

A

Glutus Maximus

20
Q

Examples of opposing muscle groups included the quadriceps and __________ , as well as the middle deltoid and the _____________.

A

Hamstrings

Latissimus Dorsi

21
Q

The rotator cuff muscles act on the _________ joint.

A

Shoulder

22
Q

Name the four rotator cuff muscles.

A

Subcapularis, Teres Minor, Infraspinatus, Suprapinatus

23
Q

What movements occur in the Sagittal Plane?

A

Flexion, Extension and Hyperextension

24
Q

What movements occur in the Frontal Plane?

A

Adduction, Abduction, Scapular Elevation, Scapular Depression, Ankle Inversion and Ankle Eversion.

25
Q

What movements occur in the Transverse or Horizontal Plane?

A

Spine Rotation, Shoulder Horizontal Adduction, Shoulder Horizontal Abduction, Hip and Shoulder Rotations and Scapular Retraction and Scapular Protraction.

26
Q

List the opposing muscles for the following:

Pectoralis Major 
Lattisimus Dorsi
Biceps and Brachialis 
Erector Spinae
Iliopsoas 
Quadriceps 
Gastrocnemius and Soleus
Anterior Deltoid
Gluteus Medius and Minimus
A

Pectoralis Major - Posterior Deltoid
Lattisimus Dorsi - Middle Deltoid
Biceps and Brachialis - Triceps
Erector Spinae - Rectus Abdominus
Iliopsoas - Gluteus Maximus
Quadriceps - Hamstrings
Gastrocnemius & Soleus - Tibialis Anterior
Anterior Deltoid - Lattisimus Dorsi / Posterior Deltoid
Gluteus Medius and Maximus - Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis

27
Q

Name the two jointed muscles and the joints they cross.

A

Biceps Brachii - flexes the elbow and shoukder
Rectus Femoris - flexes the hip and extends the knee
Gastrocnemius - plantar flexes the ankle and flexes the knee
Hamstrings - flexes the knee and extends the hip

28
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Shoulder Flexion?

A

Anterior Deltoid, Pectoralis Major

29
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Shoulder Extension?

A

Lattisimus Dorsi, Posterior Deltoid

30
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Shoulder Abduction?

A

Middle Deltoid, Supraspinatus

31
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Shoulder Adduction?

A

Lattisimus Dorsi, Pectoralis Major, Teres Major

32
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Shoulder Horizontal Abduction and Scapular Retraction (Adduction)?

A

Posterior Deltoids, Rhomboids and Middle Trapezius

33
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Shoulder Horizontal Adduction and Scapular Protraction (Abduction)?

A

Pectoralis Major, Anterior Deltoid, Serratus Anterior

34
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Elbow Flexion?

A

Biceps Brachii and Brachialis

35
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Elbow Extension?

A

Triceps

36
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Spine Flexion?

A

Rectus Abdominis, Obliques

37
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) form Spine Extension?

A

Erector Spinae

38
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Spine Lateral Flexion?

A

Quadratus Lumborum, Obliques

39
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Hip Flexion?

A

Iliopsoas - Iliacus and Psoas Major

40
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Hip Extension?

A

Gluteus Maximus, Hamstrings

41
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Hip Abduction?

A

Gluteus Medius, Gluteus Minimus

42
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Hip Adduction?

A

Adductor Magnus, Adductor Longus, Adductor Brevis, Gracilis

43
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Knee Flexion?

A

Hamstrings (Semimembranous, Semitendinosus, Biceps Femoris)

44
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Knee Extension?

A

Quadriceps (Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius, Rectus Femoris)

45
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Ankle Plantar Flexion?

A

Gastrocnemius, Soleus

46
Q

What is the Prime Mover(s) for Ankle Dorsiflexion?

A

Tibialis Anterior

47
Q

How do you amplify or modify an exercise?

A

Change the base of support. -seated to standing, wide to narrow, parallel vs lung stance, 2 legs to 1

Change the lever arm - push up on knees vs push up on toes.

Stability - stable vs unstable surface like s BOSU ball, balance board or stability ball.

48
Q

What are the primary steps when teaching a skill to a client?

A

Name the exercise, muscle group and location.
Demonstrate and explain the exercise.
Place the client in the ready position.
- ears/shoulder/neutral spine/hip/soft knees/ankle
Client performs the exercise while the trainer watches, cues, monitors, spots, coaches and provides feedback.

  1. Monitor - observe their form, compensation and stabilization.
  2. Cue - verbal or tactile tap - muscle range of motion.
  3. Spot to moving limb - provide assistance and ensure safety

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