Exercise Physiology Flashcards
Myokines
muscle secretions; communicate with tissues and organs (active people have good myokine)
Epigenetics
study of how genes are activated and deactivated without changing the DNA sequence (lifestyle habits impact the next generation)
Skeletal System
provide structure, protect organs, RBC produced, store calcium & phosphorus
weight bearing element of exercise
Skeletal Muscular System
cause movement, provide stability, generate heat, maintain posture
fascicle
bundle of muscle fibers
muscle fiber
thin, cylindrical cell that contracts when stimulated
Type I muscles
slow twitch, fatigue slow, aerobic energy, good blood supply, generates weaker force
Slow oxidative - endurance
Type II muscles
fast twitch, fatigue fast, anaerobic energy, poor blood supply, greater force
Fast Oxidative - less endurance; Fast Glycolytic - most power
Cardiovascular system
- right pumps receive blood from body, send to lungs
- lefts pumps receive blood from lungs, send to body
- oxygenated blood - arteries (away from heart)
- deoxygenated blood - veins (toward heart)
Effects of exercise on cardiovascular system
- icrease plasma volume = easier blood flow
- more RBCs
- increase force of heart contractions
- lower resting HR
Effects of exercise on nervous system
1 of 2 control systems
- faster response
- increased coordination
- faster learning
Neuron
smallest functioning unit in nervous system
Pulmonary System
tubes from throat carry air in and out of trachea and bronchi
Alveoli
smallest component of system; location of gas exchange
300 million in the body
Energy System
metabolism and bioenergetics; physiological work requires energy
Metabolism
sum of energetic processes of cells
Bioenergetics
breakdown of macronutrients to create energy
ATP
Endocrine system
1 of 2 control systems
Uses hormones (chemical messengers) to deliver communication from one organ to the other
Immune system
defense against diseases and disorders
Ex: Leukocyctes - WBCs
Digestive system
convert food to absorbable forms
Urinary system
filters blood to remove toxins, produces urine to remove waste, hydration status
Integumentary system
defensive barrier, sweat glands, sensory receptors, Thermoregulation
