Exercise for Special Populations - Diabetes and Cancer (CANCER NOT IN EXAM)

Question 1

What are some warning signs and symptoms of type 1 diabetes?

Answer 1

• Frequent urination/unusual thirst.
• Extreme hunger.
• Rapid weight loss, weakness, and fatigue.
• Irritability, nausea, and vomiting.

Question 2

What does too LITTLE insulin lead to?

Answer 2

Too little insulin -> hyperglycemia and ketosis -> diabetic coma

Question 3

What does too MUCH insulin lead to?

Answer 3

Too much insulin -> hypoglycemia -> insulin shock

Question 4

How does medical clearance work prior to exercise?

Answer 4

• Currently active (40% to 60% HRR, 30min+, 3+ days/week) can continue without medical clearance.
• Those planning >60% HRR should obtain medical clearance prior to
  start of the program.

Question 5

What are some problems associated with type 2 (and 2) diabetes due to chronically high blood glucose?

Answer 5

• Autonomic neuropathy (can lead to abnormal heart rate and blood pressure)
• Peripheral neuropathy (pain, impaired balance, weakness, decreased proprioception)
• Retinopathy and nephropathy (due to blood pressure abnormalities)

Question 6

What is the best way to diagnose type 2 diabetes progression?

Answer 6

Oral glucose tolerance test - 75g sugary drink consumed rapidly and blood glucose and insulin responses tracked for several hours.

Question 7

How can exercise be used to treat type 2 diabetes?

Answer 7

• Helps treat obesity (↓ body fat).
• Helps control blood glucose (kept
  within normal/healthy range)
• Reduces insulin resistance.
• Helps treat CVD risk factors (e.g.,
  high blood pressure and lipid profile,
  inflammation)

Question 8

Why may medication need to be adjusted when sedentary become trained?

Answer 8

Prevent hypoglycaemia during exercise

Question 9

What are the aerobic training recommendations (FITT) for people with T1 diabetes?

Answer 9

Frequency - 3-7 days per week
Intensity - RPE 12-16
Time - 20-60 min/session. 150 min of mod/75 min of vig/week
Type - non-weight bearing, low impact

Question 10

What are the aerobic training recommendations (FITT) for people with T2 diabetes?

Answer 10

Frequency - 4-7 days per week
Intensity - RPE 12-16
Time - start w 10 min bouts, increase benefits with longer duration. Accumulate >150 min mod, or >75 min vig/week
Type - brisk walking, Zumba, circuit training

Question 11

What are the resistance training recommendations (FITT) for people with T1 diabetes?

Answer 11

Frequency - 2-3 days per week
Intensity - 60-80% 1RM/rpe 12
Time - 1-3 sets, 8-12 reps
Type -major muscle groups

Question 12

What are the resistance training recommendations (FITT) for people with T2 diabetes?

Answer 12

Frequency - 2-3 days per week
Intensity - 60-80% 1RM/rpe 12
Time - 1-3 sets, 8-12 reps
Type -major muscle groups