Exercise and Sedentary Behaviour Flashcards
physical activity of Canadian adults
accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey
by Colley et al.
15% adults accumulate 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA per week
Grade-F
in 2013, just over 2/10 adults and 1/10 children and youth met the Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines
theoretical inverted shapes of the utility streams obtained from engaging in (A) wants and (B) shoulds, strategically combined by temptation bundling
by Milkman et al.
treatment group given ipods to listen to 4 audio novels of their choice while working out
intermediate treatment group was given 4 audio novels of their choice but installed on their personal ipods
control group were given 25$ Barnes and Noble gift certificate at the start of the study
treatment group was consistently exercising more than the other groups, but after a thanksgiving break all groups declined in exercise
framing financial incentives to increase physical activity among overweight and obses adults
by patel et al.
intervention: achieved a mean of 7000 daily steps during 13 weeks of intervention
gain incentive group received $1.40 for each day they met the targeted goal
loss incentive group $1.40 was taken away from the monthly incentive ($42 dollars up front) each time the daily goal was not met
lottery incentive group selected two-digit number between 0-99. One winning number was selected daily and either a $5 or $50 prize was awarded depending on whether the match was 1 digit or 2 digits
control group no intervention but daily feedback
findings: financial incentives framed as a loss were more effective for achieving physical activity goals
informational approaches
increase activity by providing information necessary to motivate people to change their behaviour and to maintain change over time
information is intended to change knowledge about the benefits of activity, increase awareness of opportunities, overcoming barriers, increase participation
evaluation and modification of exercise patterns in the natural environment
point-of-decision prompts
signs put by elevators to motivate people to use stairs
signs thought to be effective by:
a) reminding pre-dispositioned people to become more active
b) show opportunities to be more active in community and show the health benefits from taking the stairs
brownell et al. study 1
evaluation of 21,091 observations of people going up stairs or escalators
intervention: sign that encouraged stair use
findings: more people used stairs when the sign that encouraged stairs was up
brownell et al. study 2
to address maintenance effects and effects of repeated exposure
the intervention significantly increased stair use
sign’s effect persisted as long as 1 month after being removed
only after 3 months did effect decline
point-of-decision prompts to increase stair use systematic review
by solar et al.
conclusion: according to the Community Guide rules of evidence, this review provides strong evidence that point-of-decision prompts contribute to modest increases in the percentage of people choosing to take the stairs rather than elevator or escalator. the observed increases in the use of stairs may contribute to a modest improvement in daily physical activity that would have a cumulative effect on caloric expenditure and, in turn, energy balance
importance of moderate physical activity
relatively few people engage in vigorous activity therefore interventions such as walking or stair use hold more promise of increasing adherence to mild-to-moderate activities
what about influencing the group rather than the individual?
exercise groups can be considered “minimal groups” and might benefit from team building strategies
defining team building
team bulding is a method of assisting the group to
- increase effectiveness
- satisfy the needs of its members
- improve working conditions to enhance COHESION
(Brawley & Pashevich)
general team building strategies to improve team effectiveness
group goal setting collective goals are either established or clarified and actions to achieve those goals are identified
interpersonal relationships designed to improve relationships among member (e.g. communication)
individual role involvement focus is to clarify team members’ roles and increase their role acceptance and conformity
managerial grid approach provide group leaders with insights and strategies that will help them move an organisation toward both enhanced productivity and increased concern for people
how effective has team building been in business and industry?
a meta-analysis by Neuman, Edwards, and Raju of 126 intervention studies showed that team building was the most effective organisational development technique in changing individual satisfaction and attitude
team building programs in exercise
direct approach the individual responsible for introducing and implementing the team building intervention works directly with the client (exerciser)
indirect approach the consultant works with the exercise leader, and then they introduce the team building interventions to group
conceptual framework for the implementation of a team building program
Input => Thruput => Output
input group environment and structure (e.g. size, distinctiveness, role clarity/acceptance, conformity to norms)
group processes (e.g. unity around goals, sacrifice, co-operation)
output group cohesion (e.g. task and social)
