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ESS1606 Nutrition and metabolism > Exercise and hunger > Flashcards

Exercise and hunger Flashcards

1
Q

what is appetite?

A

Desire to eat

External and psych factors

What do I want to eat?

  • Smell
  • Sight
  • Temperature
  • Humidity
  • Learned
  • Situation
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2
Q

what is hunger?

A

Internal drive to eat

Central

  • Hypothalamus
  • Vagus nerve

Peripheral

  • Blood glucose
  • Hormones

When can I eat?

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3
Q

CCK effect on food

A

decrease

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4
Q

PP effect on food

A

decrease

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5
Q

PPY effect on food

A

decrease

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6
Q

GLP-1 effect on food

A

decrease

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7
Q

excess glucocortoids effect on food

A

increase

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8
Q

leptin effect on food

A

decrease

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9
Q

ghrelin effect on food

A

increase

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10
Q

adiponectin effect on food

A

no role

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11
Q

insulin effect on food

A

undecided

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12
Q

neuropeptide y effect on food

A

stimulate intake

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13
Q

what happens when the stomach is empty?

A

increased ghrelin = increased appetite

CCK, GLP-1, PYY decrease

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14
Q

what happens when the stomach is full?

A

decreased ghrelin = decreased appetite

CCK, GLP-1, PYY all increase

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15
Q

ghrelin

A

discovered in 1999

released by stomach and duodenum

Orexigenic

Meal initiator

Appetite stimulator (lean and obese)

Lower in obese

Increase following diets

Active / inactive form

Disappears within 20mins/half an hour

Eat quickly - full before stomach tells you, you are - over eat

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16
Q

leptin

A

produced in white adipose tissue

Stimulates release of MSH - melanocyte stimulating hormone - suppress hunger

Controls level of stored body fat

Defective in obese - leptin resistance

Interacts in same area of hypothalamus

Reduces hunger

Correlates with fat stores

Drop completely in starvation

Interactions with neuropeptide Y - suppress release

Less leptin released as lose weight - appetite not suppressed as much

17
Q

CCK

A

released from SI

Neuropeptide

15 min

reduces urge to eat

causes gall bladder to release bile

18
Q

PP

A

secreted from SI - suppresses hunger for long time

Acts on hypothalamus

Pancreas

Increase post food intake

19
Q

PYY

A

influenced by energy + composition

1 h post feeding

IV
- Lowered EI (lean/obese)

20
Q

GLP-1

A

Small intestine and colon - local to GI tract

amount released proportional to EI

Promote wt loss (peripheral/central admin)

21
Q

OXM

A

Co released with GLP-1

Proportional to EI


22
Q

adiponectin

A

energy homeostasis

related to appetite - decrease with obesity and increase with weight loss

23
Q

insulin

A

suppress hunger

stimulates leptin release

Increase amount of triglycerides in adipocytes -
some influence on hypothalamus

24
Q

glucocortoids - deficiency

A

anorexia

- adrenal gland failure

25
Q

gut hormones

A

ghrelin

leptin

CCK

PP

PYY

GLP-1

OXM

adiponectin

insulin

glucocortoids

26
Q

perception of hunger and ex

A

Lower Appetite at 0.5, 1 and 1.5 h with exercise

27
Q

acetylated ghrelin (active form)

A

No differences Ex vs CON but a difference in sex (lower in females)

28
Q

GLP-1 (decrease food intake)

A

Higher GLP-1 early and late following exercise

Greater in obese

Some effect of not working with hormones

29
Q

what is the hormonal response to ex - lean and obese?

A

GLP-1 increase greater in OW/OB

Suppressed of circulating deacylated ghrelin greater in OW/OB

PYY increase was greater in lean

No effect on food intake
- Hormones not all that is important

Ad lib buffet

  • Eat until they full if know?
  • If knew what was going on might not have ate as much as they wanted
30
Q

is energy intake greater in the cold?

A

yes

overweight

Walking (45 minutes)

8°C vs 20°C

Appetite hormones

Total energy intake

More carbs eaten specifically

31
Q

appetite hormones and temp

A

Acylated ghrelin higher post ex in CON

No effect on total ghrelin
- Inverse correlation with BW

No effect on PYY

32
Q

conclusion of ex in the cold

A

Increase post ex EI in men and women

Acylated ghrelin - drive to eat??

OW = inc EE by walking.
- Winter (Cold) – incr EI?

Swimming non–weight-bearing for weight loss

33
Q

does hypoxia suppress appetite in HIE and MIE?

A

yes

Condensed intensities together

Higher in normoxic during ex

Higher appetite in normoxic overall

34
Q

was acetylated ghrelin influenced by oxygen?

A

yes

Hypoxia has lower acylated ghrelin ( lower drive to eat)

Higher in normoxic

35
Q

conclusions: appetite and oxygen levels

A

Short exposure to normobaric hypoxia whilst performing exercise causes suppressions in appetite

Decreases circulating plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations.

Appetite responses to exercise do not appear to be influenced by exercise modality

36
Q

what are some other factors to be aware of?

A

Age

Sex

Body composition

Physical activity levels

Environmental factors duration of exercise

Palatability of available food.

Individual differences

37
Q

CCK given to rodents

A

if given to rodents - decrease

  • gastric emptying
  • feeding (central)
  • meal size (peripheral)
  • Duration (peripheral)
38
Q

glucocortoids excess

A

hyperphagia


  • Excessive consumption of food
  • Can also occur if lesional injury to part of hypothalamus

ESS1606 Nutrition and metabolism (19 decks)

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