Exercise 6: The Skeletal System (The Axial Skeleton) Flashcards
The skull has __ bones.
22
It encloses the cranial cavity.
braincase
Tbe braincase consists of ___ bones.
8
The ___ bones form the structure of the face.
facial bones
There are ___ facial bones.
14
The bones of the braincase are:
"PEST OF 6" parietal bones (2), ethmoid bone (1), sphenoid bone (1), temporal bones (2), occipital bone (1), frontal bone (1)
The facial bones are:
"Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh" vomer (1), inferior nasal concha (2), nasal bones (2), mandible (1), maxilla (2), palatine bone (2), zygomatic bone (2), lacrimal bone (2)
There are ___ auditory ossicles all in all.
6 (3 per every ear)
They are the smallest bones in the body.
ossicles
The auditory ossicles are the:
“MIS”
malleus (hammer),
incus (anvil),
stapes (stirrup)
The smallest bone in the body is the ___.
stapes
It is a joint uniting bones of the skull.
suture
It is the suture that joins the parietal and temporal bones.
squamous suture
It is the suture that joins the frontal and parietal bones.
coronal suture
It is the suture that joins the parietal and occipital bones.
lambdoid suture
It is the suture that joins the two parietal bones.
sagittal suture
It is a large opening of the temporal bone.
external auditory meatus
It is a canal that enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.
external auditory meatus
It is a bone attached to the temporal bone that can be seen and felt as a prominent lump just posterior to the ear.
mastoid process
It is important in neck muscles involved in rotation of the head.
mastoid process
True or False:
The sphenoid bones are two.
false,
Although the sphenoid bone appears to be two, small paired bones on the sides of the skull, the sphenoid bone actually is a single bone that extends completely across the skull.
It resembles a butterfly, with its bod in the center of the skull and its wings extending to the sides of the skull.
sphenoid bone
It is also known as cheekbone.
zygomatic bone
It is consisted of joined processes of the temporal and zygomatic bones.
zygomatic arch
It forms a bridge across the side of the face and provides a major attachment site for a muscle moving the mandible.
zygomatic arch
It is the upper jaw.
maxilla
It is the lower jaw.
mandible
The maxilla is articulated to the ___ by sutures.
temporal bone
It contains the superior set of teeth.
maxilla
It contains the inferior set of teeth.
mandible
They are the most prominent openings in the skull.
orbits,
nasal cavity
It is a cone-shaped fossae.
orbit
It provides protection for the eyes and attachment points for the muscles that move the eyes.
orbits
The largest of the openings through which structures communicates with other cavities are the ___ and ___.
superior orbital fissure,
inferior orbital fissure
They provide openings through which nerves and blood vessels communicate with the orbit or pass to the face.
superior orbital fissure,
inferior orbital fissure
The optic nerve passes from the eye through the ___.
optic foramen
It contains a duct that carries tears from the eyes to the nasal cavity.
nasolacrimal canal
It divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves.
nasal septum
It is the bony part of the nasal septum found interiorly.
vomer
It is found superiorly in the nasal septum.
perpendicular plate of the ethmoid
The bridge of the nose is formed by ___.
nasal bones
The three bony shelves of each lateral wall of the nasal cavity are the ___.
nasal chonchae
It increase the surface area in the nasal cavity.
nasal conchae
They are the large nasal cavities within bones.
paranasal sinuses
The ___ decrease the weight of the skull.
sinuses
They act as resonating chambers during voice production.
sinuses
True or False:
The sinuses are named for the bones where they are located/
true,
examples are the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses
They are the additional sinuses of the skull.
mastoid air cells
Mastoid air cells are located inside the ___.
mastoid processes
They transmit important nerves to the face.
foramen rotundum,
foramen ovale
A major artery of the meninges passes through the ___.
foramen spinosum
The internal carotid artery passes through the ___.
carotid canal
The internal jugular vein passes through the ___.
jugular foramen
The largest foramen in the skull is the ___.
foramen magnum
The largest foramen in the body is the ___.
obturator foramen
It is here where the spinal cord passes to join the brain.
foramen magnum
It is a structure that resembles a saddle.
sella turcica
It contains the pituitary gland.
sella turcica
They are the smooth points of articulation between the skull and the vertebral column.
occipital condyle
They are two long, pointed projections from the inferior surface of the temporal bones.
styloid processes
The muscles involved in moving the tongue, the hyoid bone and the pharynx originates from this process.
styloid process
It is here where the mandible articulates with the temporal bone.
mandibular fossa
It forms the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the mouth.
hard palate
The anterior two-thirds of the hard palate is formed by the ___.
maxillae
The posterior one-third of the hard palate is formed by ___.
palatine bones
They separate the nasal cavity and nasopharynx from the mouth, enabling us to chew and breathe at the same time.
soft palate,
hard palate
It is a floating bone.
hyoid bone
It is an unpaired, U-shaped bone.
hyoid bone
It is not part of the skull and has no direct bony attachment to the skull.
hyoid bone
The hyoid bone is attached to the skull by the ___ and ___.
muscle,
ligaments
It provides attachment for some tongue muscles.
hyoid bone
It is an attachment point for important neck muscles and muscles that elevate the larynx during speech or swallowing.
hyoid bone
It is also known as the backbone.
vertebral column
It is the central axis of the skeleton, extending from the base of the skull to slightly pass the end of the pelvis.
vertebral column
How many vertebrae consists the adult backbone?
26
The five regions of the backbone are:
cervical region (7 vertebrae), thoracic region (12 vertebrae), lumbar region (5 vertebrae), sacral region (1 bone), coccyx region (1 bone)
The adult sacral bone is a fusion of ___ bones.
5
The adult coccygeal bone is a fusion of ___ bones.
3-4
The four major curvatures of the adult vertebral column are:
cervical region (anteriorly), thoracic region (posteriorly), lumbar region (anteriorly), sacral and coccygeal region (posteriorly)
It is an abnormal posterior curvature of the spine (in the upper thoracic region).
kyphosis
It is an abnormal anterior curvature of the spine (in the lumbar region).
lordosis
It is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
scoliosis
It is the weight-bearing portion of each vertebra.
body
The vertebral bodies are separated by ___.
intervertebral disks
The intervertebral disks are made of ___.
fibrocartilage
The vertebral arch surrounds a large opening called ___.
vertebral foramen
The vertebral foramina of all the vertebrae form the ___.
vertebral canal
It protects the spinal cord from injury.
vertebral canal
Each vertebral arch consists of ___ which extend from the body to the transverse process of each vertebrae.
two pedicles
Each vertebral arch consists of ___ which extend from the transverse process to the spinous process of each vertebrae.
two laminae
They provide attachment sites for the muscles that move the vertebral column.
spinous process,
transverse process
Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord through the ___.
intervertebral foramina
It is where the vertabrae articulate to a co-vertebrae.
articular process
Each articular process has a smooth “little face” called an ___.
articular facet
It is the first cervical vertebrae.
atlas
It is the second cervical vertebrae.
axis
Fractures and dislocations are more common in this area of the vertebral column.
cervical region
Movement between the ___ and ___ is responsible for a “yes” motion of the head.
atlas,
occipital bone
It allows a slight tilting of the head from side to side.
atlas
This bone makes possible the shaking of head or “no” motion.
axis
Rotation occurs around a process called the __.
dens
These vertebrae have very small bodies.
cervical vertebrae
These vertebrae possess long, thin spinous process that are directed inferiorly.
thoracic vertebrae
Ruptured intervertebral disks are more common in this area.
lumbar region
These vertebrae possess large, thick bodies and heavy, rectangular transverse and spinous process.
lumbar vertebrae
The superior articular facets of the lumbar vertebrae face ___.
medially
The inferior articular facets of the lumbar vertebrae face ___.
laterally
The five sacral vertebrae are fused into a single bone called ___.
sacrum
The spinous process of the first four sacral vertebrae form the ___.
median sacral crest
The fifth vertebrae’s spinous process does not form, leaving a ___.
sacral hiatus
It is the site of caudal anesthetic injections given just before childbirth.
sacral hiatus
The anterior edge of the body of the first sacral vertebra bulges to form the ___.
sacral promontory
It is a landmark that can be felt during a vaginal examination.
sacral promontory
It is used as a reference point to determine if the pelvic openings are large enough to allow normal vaginal delivery of a baby.
sacral promontory
Other name of coccyx
tailbone
It consists of more or less fused vertebrae.
coccyx
It protects the vital organs within the thorax.
rib cage
It prevents collapse of thorax during respiration.
rib cage
There are ___ pairs of ribs in a human body.
12
The ribs can be divided into ___ and ___ ribs.
true,
false
These ribs are attached directly to the sternum by means of costal cartilages.
true ribs
These ribs do not attach directly to the sternum.
false ribs
True ribs are ribs ___ to __.
1 to 7
False ribs are ribs ___ to ___.
8 to 12
False ribs attach to the sternum by a ___.
common cartilage
Ribs ___ and ___ are called floating ribs.
11 and 12
These ribs do not attach at all to the sternum.
floating ribs
Other name of sternum
breast bone
The sternum is divided into three parts, namely the ___, ___, and ___.
manubrium,
body,
xiphoid process
It is the handle of the sternum.
manubrium
It is the sword-like projection of the sternum.
xiphoid process
It is a depression at the superior end of the sternum that is located between the ends of the clavicles where they articulate within the sternum.
jugular notch
It is a slight elevation that can be felt at the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum.
sternal angle
It is an important landmark for identifing the ribs.
sternal angle
It is located between the fifth and sixth ribs.
apex of the heart
