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🔬 BIOSCI: Physiology and Anatomy > Exercise 6: The Skeletal System (The Axial Skeleton) > Flashcards

Exercise 6: The Skeletal System (The Axial Skeleton) Flashcards

1
Q

The skull has __ bones.

A

22

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2
Q

It encloses the cranial cavity.

A

braincase

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3
Q

Tbe braincase consists of ___ bones.

A

8

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4
Q

The ___ bones form the structure of the face.

A

facial bones

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5
Q

There are ___ facial bones.

A

14

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6
Q

The bones of the braincase are:

A 
"PEST OF 6"
parietal bones (2),
ethmoid bone (1),
sphenoid bone (1),
temporal bones (2),
occipital bone (1),
frontal bone (1)
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7
Q

The facial bones are:

A 
"Virgil Can Not Make My Pet Zebra Laugh"
vomer (1),
inferior nasal concha (2),
nasal bones (2),
mandible (1),
maxilla (2),
palatine bone (2),
zygomatic bone (2),
lacrimal bone (2)
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8
Q

There are ___ auditory ossicles all in all.

A

6 (3 per every ear)

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9
Q

They are the smallest bones in the body.

A

ossicles

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10
Q

The auditory ossicles are the:

A

“MIS”
malleus (hammer),
incus (anvil),
stapes (stirrup)

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11
Q

The smallest bone in the body is the ___.

A

stapes

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12
Q

It is a joint uniting bones of the skull.

A

suture

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13
Q

It is the suture that joins the parietal and temporal bones.

A

squamous suture

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14
Q

It is the suture that joins the frontal and parietal bones.

A

coronal suture

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15
Q

It is the suture that joins the parietal and occipital bones.

A

lambdoid suture

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16
Q

It is the suture that joins the two parietal bones.

A

sagittal suture

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17
Q

It is a large opening of the temporal bone.

A

external auditory meatus

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18
Q

It is a canal that enables sound waves to reach the eardrum.

A

external auditory meatus

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19
Q

It is a bone attached to the temporal bone that can be seen and felt as a prominent lump just posterior to the ear.

A

mastoid process

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20
Q

It is important in neck muscles involved in rotation of the head.

A

mastoid process

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21
Q

True or False:

The sphenoid bones are two.

A

false,
Although the sphenoid bone appears to be two, small paired bones on the sides of the skull, the sphenoid bone actually is a single bone that extends completely across the skull.

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22
Q

It resembles a butterfly, with its bod in the center of the skull and its wings extending to the sides of the skull.

A

sphenoid bone

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23
Q

It is also known as cheekbone.

A

zygomatic bone

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24
Q

It is consisted of joined processes of the temporal and zygomatic bones.

A

zygomatic arch

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25
Q

It forms a bridge across the side of the face and provides a major attachment site for a muscle moving the mandible.

A

zygomatic arch

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26
Q

It is the upper jaw.

A

maxilla

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27
Q

It is the lower jaw.

A

mandible

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28
Q

The maxilla is articulated to the ___ by sutures.

A

temporal bone

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29
Q

It contains the superior set of teeth.

A

maxilla

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30
Q

It contains the inferior set of teeth.

A

mandible

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31
Q

They are the most prominent openings in the skull.

A

orbits,

nasal cavity

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32
Q

It is a cone-shaped fossae.

A

orbit

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33
Q

It provides protection for the eyes and attachment points for the muscles that move the eyes.

A

orbits

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34
Q

The largest of the openings through which structures communicates with other cavities are the ___ and ___.

A

superior orbital fissure,

inferior orbital fissure

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35
Q

They provide openings through which nerves and blood vessels communicate with the orbit or pass to the face.

A

superior orbital fissure,

inferior orbital fissure

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36
Q

The optic nerve passes from the eye through the ___.

A

optic foramen

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37
Q

It contains a duct that carries tears from the eyes to the nasal cavity.

A

nasolacrimal canal

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38
Q

It divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves.

A

nasal septum

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39
Q

It is the bony part of the nasal septum found interiorly.

A

vomer

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40
Q

It is found superiorly in the nasal septum.

A

perpendicular plate of the ethmoid

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41
Q

The bridge of the nose is formed by ___.

A

nasal bones

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42
Q

The three bony shelves of each lateral wall of the nasal cavity are the ___.

A

nasal chonchae

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43
Q

It increase the surface area in the nasal cavity.

A

nasal conchae

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44
Q

They are the large nasal cavities within bones.

A

paranasal sinuses

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45
Q

The ___ decrease the weight of the skull.

A

sinuses

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46
Q

They act as resonating chambers during voice production.

A

sinuses

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47
Q

True or False:

The sinuses are named for the bones where they are located/

A

true,

examples are the frontal, maxillary, ethmoidal, and sphenoidal sinuses

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48
Q

They are the additional sinuses of the skull.

A

mastoid air cells

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49
Q

Mastoid air cells are located inside the ___.

A

mastoid processes

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50
Q

They transmit important nerves to the face.

A

foramen rotundum,

foramen ovale

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51
Q

A major artery of the meninges passes through the ___.

A

foramen spinosum

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52
Q

The internal carotid artery passes through the ___.

A

carotid canal

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53
Q

The internal jugular vein passes through the ___.

A

jugular foramen

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54
Q

The largest foramen in the skull is the ___.

A

foramen magnum

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55
Q

The largest foramen in the body is the ___.

A

obturator foramen

56
Q

It is here where the spinal cord passes to join the brain.

A

foramen magnum

57
Q

It is a structure that resembles a saddle.

A

sella turcica

58
Q

It contains the pituitary gland.

A

sella turcica

59
Q

They are the smooth points of articulation between the skull and the vertebral column.

A

occipital condyle

60
Q

They are two long, pointed projections from the inferior surface of the temporal bones.

A

styloid processes

61
Q

The muscles involved in moving the tongue, the hyoid bone and the pharynx originates from this process.

A

styloid process

62
Q

It is here where the mandible articulates with the temporal bone.

A

mandibular fossa

63
Q

It forms the floor of the nasal cavity and the roof of the mouth.

A

hard palate

64
Q

The anterior two-thirds of the hard palate is formed by the ___.

A

maxillae

65
Q

The posterior one-third of the hard palate is formed by ___.

A

palatine bones

66
Q

They separate the nasal cavity and nasopharynx from the mouth, enabling us to chew and breathe at the same time.

A

soft palate,

hard palate

67
Q

It is a floating bone.

A

hyoid bone

68
Q

It is an unpaired, U-shaped bone.

A

hyoid bone

69
Q

It is not part of the skull and has no direct bony attachment to the skull.

A

hyoid bone

70
Q

The hyoid bone is attached to the skull by the ___ and ___.

A

muscle,

ligaments

71
Q

It provides attachment for some tongue muscles.

A

hyoid bone

72
Q

It is an attachment point for important neck muscles and muscles that elevate the larynx during speech or swallowing.

A

hyoid bone

73
Q

It is also known as the backbone.

A

vertebral column

74
Q

It is the central axis of the skeleton, extending from the base of the skull to slightly pass the end of the pelvis.

A

vertebral column

75
Q

How many vertebrae consists the adult backbone?

A

26

76
Q

The five regions of the backbone are:

A 
cervical region (7 vertebrae),
thoracic region (12 vertebrae),
lumbar region (5 vertebrae),
sacral region (1 bone),
coccyx region (1 bone)
77
Q

The adult sacral bone is a fusion of ___ bones.

A

5

78
Q

The adult coccygeal bone is a fusion of ___ bones.

A

3-4

79
Q

The four major curvatures of the adult vertebral column are:

A 
cervical region (anteriorly),
thoracic region (posteriorly),
lumbar region (anteriorly),
sacral and coccygeal region (posteriorly)
80
Q

It is an abnormal posterior curvature of the spine (in the upper thoracic region).

A

kyphosis

81
Q

It is an abnormal anterior curvature of the spine (in the lumbar region).

A

lordosis

82
Q

It is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.

A

scoliosis

83
Q

It is the weight-bearing portion of each vertebra.

A

body

84
Q

The vertebral bodies are separated by ___.

A

intervertebral disks

85
Q

The intervertebral disks are made of ___.

A

fibrocartilage

86
Q

The vertebral arch surrounds a large opening called ___.

A

vertebral foramen

87
Q

The vertebral foramina of all the vertebrae form the ___.

A

vertebral canal

88
Q

It protects the spinal cord from injury.

A

vertebral canal

89
Q

Each vertebral arch consists of ___ which extend from the body to the transverse process of each vertebrae.

A

two pedicles

90
Q

Each vertebral arch consists of ___ which extend from the transverse process to the spinous process of each vertebrae.

A

two laminae

91
Q

They provide attachment sites for the muscles that move the vertebral column.

A

spinous process,

transverse process

92
Q

Spinal nerves exit the spinal cord through the ___.

A

intervertebral foramina

93
Q

It is where the vertabrae articulate to a co-vertebrae.

A

articular process

94
Q

Each articular process has a smooth “little face” called an ___.

A

articular facet

95
Q

It is the first cervical vertebrae.

A

atlas

96
Q

It is the second cervical vertebrae.

A

axis

97
Q

Fractures and dislocations are more common in this area of the vertebral column.

A

cervical region

98
Q

Movement between the ___ and ___ is responsible for a “yes” motion of the head.

A

atlas,

occipital bone

99
Q

It allows a slight tilting of the head from side to side.

A

atlas

100
Q

This bone makes possible the shaking of head or “no” motion.

A

axis

101
Q

Rotation occurs around a process called the __.

A

dens

102
Q

These vertebrae have very small bodies.

A

cervical vertebrae

103
Q

These vertebrae possess long, thin spinous process that are directed inferiorly.

A

thoracic vertebrae

104
Q

Ruptured intervertebral disks are more common in this area.

A

lumbar region

105
Q

These vertebrae possess large, thick bodies and heavy, rectangular transverse and spinous process.

A

lumbar vertebrae

106
Q

The superior articular facets of the lumbar vertebrae face ___.

A

medially

107
Q

The inferior articular facets of the lumbar vertebrae face ___.

A

laterally

108
Q

The five sacral vertebrae are fused into a single bone called ___.

A

sacrum

109
Q

The spinous process of the first four sacral vertebrae form the ___.

A

median sacral crest

110
Q

The fifth vertebrae’s spinous process does not form, leaving a ___.

A

sacral hiatus

111
Q

It is the site of caudal anesthetic injections given just before childbirth.

A

sacral hiatus

112
Q

The anterior edge of the body of the first sacral vertebra bulges to form the ___.

A

sacral promontory

113
Q

It is a landmark that can be felt during a vaginal examination.

A

sacral promontory

114
Q

It is used as a reference point to determine if the pelvic openings are large enough to allow normal vaginal delivery of a baby.

A

sacral promontory

115
Q

Other name of coccyx

A

tailbone

116
Q

It consists of more or less fused vertebrae.

A

coccyx

117
Q

It protects the vital organs within the thorax.

A

rib cage

118
Q

It prevents collapse of thorax during respiration.

A

rib cage

119
Q

There are ___ pairs of ribs in a human body.

A

12

120
Q

The ribs can be divided into ___ and ___ ribs.

A

true,

false

121
Q

These ribs are attached directly to the sternum by means of costal cartilages.

A

true ribs

122
Q

These ribs do not attach directly to the sternum.

A

false ribs

123
Q

True ribs are ribs ___ to __.

A

1 to 7

124
Q

False ribs are ribs ___ to ___.

A

8 to 12

125
Q

False ribs attach to the sternum by a ___.

A

common cartilage

126
Q

Ribs ___ and ___ are called floating ribs.

A

11 and 12

127
Q

These ribs do not attach at all to the sternum.

A

floating ribs

128
Q

Other name of sternum

A

breast bone

129
Q

The sternum is divided into three parts, namely the ___, ___, and ___.

A

manubrium,
body,
xiphoid process

130
Q

It is the handle of the sternum.

A

manubrium

131
Q

It is the sword-like projection of the sternum.

A

xiphoid process

132
Q

It is a depression at the superior end of the sternum that is located between the ends of the clavicles where they articulate within the sternum.

A

jugular notch

133
Q

It is a slight elevation that can be felt at the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum.

A

sternal angle

134
Q

It is an important landmark for identifing the ribs.

A

sternal angle

135
Q

It is located between the fifth and sixth ribs.

A

apex of the heart

🔬 BIOSCI: Physiology and Anatomy (16 decks)

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