Exercise 2: The Language of Anatomy Flashcards
It is the reference position in the study of anatomy.
anatomical position
When describing the location of certain body parts, one always refers to the ___.
anatomical position
Describe the anatomical position.
stands erect, faces forward, arms are straight, placed along the sides of the body, palms facing forward, legs are straight, feet bit apart, facing forward, flat on the floor
The principal regions in the human body are:
head (cephalic), neck (cervical), trunk, upper limbs, lower limbs
It includes the skull and the face.
head (cephalic)
It is the bony part of the head that encloses and protects the brain.
skull
It is the anterior (front) portion of the head where the eyes, nose, mouth, forehead, cheeks, and chins are found.
face
It supports the head and attaches it to the trunk.
neck (cervical)
It is found between the head and the trunk.
neck (cervical)
It consists of the chest, abdomen, pelvis, and back.
trunk
It is found between the neck and abdomen anteriorly.
chest
It is found between the chest and pelvis anteriorly.
abdomen
It is the posterior portion of the trunk that is between the neck and the buttocks.
back
Each of it is attached to the trunk by the shoulder girdle.
upper limb
The shoulder girdle is comprised of the ___ and ___.
clavicle anteriorly,
scapula posteriorly
It is the part of the body where the upper limb is attached to the shoulder girdle.
shoulder
It is the part of the upper limb from the shoulder to the elbow.
upper arm
It is the part of the upper limb from the elbow to the wrist.
forearm
It is the part of the upper limb which connects the hand to the forearm.
wrist
It is the part of the upper limb which includes the palm and fingers.
hand
Each of it is attached to the trunk by the pelvic girdle.
lower limbs
The pelvic girdle is consisted of:
ilium,
ischium,
pubis
It is the posterior rounded area in the pelvis where the thigh is attached.
buttocks
It is the part of the lower limb that is attached to the pelvis.
thigh
It is the part of the lower limb from the knee to the ankle.
leg
It is the portion of the lower limb that attaches the foot to the leg.
ankle
it is the part of the lower limb which is composed of the sole and toes.
foot
The different body regions, specific body areas, and body landmarks are described using ___.
anatomical terms
What anatomical term:
central part of the body which includes the head and the trunk
axial
What anatomical term:
head
cephalic
What anatomical term:
portion of the skull surrounding the brain
cranial
What anatomical term:
facr
facial
What anatomical term:
eye
orbital
What anatomical term:
forehead
frontal
What anatomical term:
ear
otic
What anatomical term:
nose
nasal
What anatomical term:
cheek
buccal
What anatomical term:
mouth
oral
What anatomical term:
chin
mental
What anatomical term:
back of the head
occipital
What anatomical term:
neck
cervical
What anatomical term:
chest
thoracic
What anatomical term:
breast bone
sternal
What anatomical term:
breast
mammary
What anatomical term:
anterior body trunk inferior to the ribs
abdominal
What anatomical term:
navel
umbilical
What anatomical term:
hip
coxal
What anatomical term:
pelvis
pelvic
What anatomical term:
genital area
pubic
What anatomical term:
back
dorsal
What anatomical term:
shoulder
scapular
What anatomical term:
area of spine
vertebral
What anatomical term:
area of back between hips and ribs
lumbar
What anatomical term:
extremities or limbs
appendicular
What anatomical term:
highest point of shopulder
acromial
What anatomical term:
armpit
axillary
What anatomical term:
upper arm
brachial
What anatomical term:
anterior surface of the elbow
antecubital
What anatomical term:
elbow
olecranal
What anatomical term:
forearm
antebrachial
What anatomical term:
antero-medial aspect of the forearm
volar
What anatomical term:
wrist
carpal
What anatomical term:
palm
palmar
What anatomical term:
digits or fingers (upper limb);
toes (lower limb)
digital
What anatomical term:
groin
inguinal
What anatomical term:
buttocks
gluteal
What anatomical term:
thigh
femoral
What anatomical term:
anterior surface of the knee
patellar
What anatomical term:
posterior surface of the knee
popliteal
What anatomical term:
anterior surface of the leg
crural
What anatomical term:
posterior surface of the elg
sural
What anatomical term:
lateral side of the leg
fibular/peroneal
What anatomical term:
ankle
tarsal
What anatomical term:
pedal
foot
What anatomical term:
sole of foot
plantar
What anatomical term:
heel
calcaneal
It indicates exactly where one body structure is in relation to another.
directional terms
What directional term:
above
superior
What directional term:
upper part of a structure or a body
superior
What directional term:
below
inferior
What directional term:
lower part of a structure or a body
inferior
What directional term:
in front of;
anterior
What directional term:
ventral
anterior
What directional term:
front of the body
anterior
What directional term:
behind
posterior
What directional term:
backside of the body
posterior
What directional term:
dorsal
posterior
What directional term:
on the inner side of
medial
What directional term:
near the midline of the body
medial
What directional term:
on the outer side of
lateral
What directional term:
farther from the midline of the body
lateral
What directional term:
between a more medial and a more lateral structure
intermediate
What directional term:
on the same side of the body as another structure
ipsilateral
What directional term:
on the opposite side of the body from another structure
contralateral
What directional term:
close to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
proximal
What directional term:
near the origin
proximal
What directional term:
farther from the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk
distal
What directional term:
away from the point of origin
distal
What directional term:
near the surface of the body
superficial
What directional term:
away from the surface of the body
deep
What directional term:
more internal
deep
Parts of the body are also studied relative to ___.
planes
It is an imaginary flat surface that passes through the different body parts.
plane
The exposed surfaces produced by these planes are ___.
sections
It is a vertical plane that divides an organ or the body into the right and left parts.
sagittal plane
It is the body section produced by the sagittal plane.
sagittal section
Two types of sagittal plane:
mid-sagittal or median plane,
parasagittal plane
It passes through the midline of an organ or the body and divides the organ or the body into equal right and left halves.
mid-sagittal or median plane
It is the body section produced by the mid-sagittal or median plane.
mid-sagittal or median section
It does not pass through the midline but divides an organ or the body into unequal halves.
parasagittal plane
It is the body section produced by the parasagittal plane.
parasagittal section
It divides an organ or the bod into anterior or posterior portions.
frontal or coronal plane
It is the body section produced by the frontal or coronal plane.
frontal or coronal section
It divides an organ or the body into superior and inferior portions.
transverse or cross or horizontal plane
It is the body section produced by the transverse or cross or horizontal plane.
transverse or cross or horizontal section
It is a plane that passes through the organ or the body at an angle between the transverse plane and either sagittal or frontal plane.
oblique plane
It is the body section produced by the oblique plane.
oblique section
It is a body position that is lying facing up.
supine position
It is a body position that is lying facing down.
prone position
These are spaces within the body.
body cavities
It helps protect and support internal organs.
body cavities
These separates the body cavities.
bones,
muscles,
ligaments
It is the only vertebrate that can be divided equally.
human body
It is an imaginary line.
axis
It divides the body between superior to interior.
longitudinal axis
It divides the body between side to side.
transverse axis
It divides the body between anterior to posterior.
sagittal axis
It is a combination of two to three body axes.
body plane
It is the largest muscle.
gluteal (gluteus maximus)
Axes of the midsagittal plane:
sagittal axis,
longitudinal axis
Axes of the cross or transverse plane:
sagittal axis,
transverse axis
Axes of the frontal or coronal plane:
longitudinal axis,
transverse axis
It is the cavity that houses the brain.
cranial cavity
It is where the vertebral column passes.
vertebral or spinal canal
The three layers of meninges that protect the dorsal body cavity are:
dura mater,
arachnoid,
pia mater
It is the outermost meninge.
dura mater
It is the innervascular meninge that penetrates even the brain.
pia mater
It is the meninge between the dura and pia mater.
arachnoid
It is the singular of meninges.
meninx
Organs inside the body are called ___.
viscera
The ventral body cavity is divided by the ___ into two.
diaphragm
Two divisions of the ventral body cavity:
thoracic cavity,
abdominopelvic cavity
It is the cavity that contains heart, lungs, etc.
thoracic cavity
The abdominopelvic cavity is divided into two:
abdominal cavity,
pelvic cavity
It contains the liver, stomach, spleen, etc.
abdominal cavity
It contains the kidneys, urinary bladders, etc.
pelvic cavity
It is a double-layered membrane.
serous membrane
The serous membrane is composed of ___ and ___ layers.
parietal,
visceral
It is found between visceral and parietal layer.
serous fluid
It is the serosae of the lungs.
pleura
It is the serosae of the uterus.
perimetrium
It is the serosae of the heart.
pericardium
It is the serosae of the abdominal organs.
peritoneum
It is the line from the nine-region designation below the ribs.
subcostal line
It is the line from the nine-region designation that runs from tubercle to tubercle.
transtubercular line
It is the line from the nine-region designation that passes between clavicles.
midclavicular line
It is the region in the nine-region scheme that is the centermost, deep, and surrounds umbilical region.
umbilical region
It is the region in the nine-region scheme that is superior, above the umbilical region.
epigastric region
It is the region in the nine-region scheme that is pubic, inferior to the umbilical region.
hypogastric region
It is the region in the nine-region scheme that is lateral to hypograstic, inguinal.
iliac (left and right) region
It is the region in the nine-region scheme that is lateral to umbilical.
lumbar (left and right) region
It is the region in the nine-region scheme that overlie the lower ribs.
hypochondriac (left and right) region
Examples of medical imaging techniques:
radiography, computed tomography, digital subtraction angiography, sonography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography
