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🔬 BIOSCI: Physiology and Anatomy > Exercise 1: Physiological Apparatus > Flashcards

Exercise 1: Physiological Apparatus Flashcards

1
Q

A battery may be either a ___ or ___.

A

wet cell,

dry cell

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2
Q

It is the usual source of the current.

A

battery

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3
Q

A current may either be ___ or ___.

A

direct or galvanic or constant current,

induced or faradic or pulsating current

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4
Q

How many poles does a dry or wet cell have?

A

two

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5
Q

The poles are composed of ___ and ___.

A

one positive pole,

one negative pole

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6
Q

___ are attached to each pole to allow the flow of current.

A

connecting wires

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7
Q

It is a device with two binding posts and a contact metal.

A

simple key

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8
Q

When the contact metal is pressed, a ___ current is created.

A

make current

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9
Q

When the contact metal is released, a ___ current is produced.

A

break current

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10
Q

It allows flow of electricity from a source of electricity, usually battery.

A

simple key

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11
Q

Another term for shock.

A

current

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12
Q

Differentiate the old and new simple key.

A

old simple key: traditional,

new simple key: contact metal is positioned differently, presence of on and off switch

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13
Q

It consists of a cylindrical drum on a shaft which, in turn, is driven by a variable speed motor.

A

kymograph

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14
Q

The drum is covered with paper suitable for ___ writing, ___ writing, or ___ writing.

A

smoke writing,
ink writing,
electric writing

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15
Q

A kymograph has two types, the ___ and ___ kymograph.

A

spring-driven,

electric

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16
Q

The drum is rotated in a ___ direction.

A

clockwise

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17
Q

In an electric kymograph, the speed is controlled by a ___.

A

variable five-speed control gear shift

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18
Q

In a spring-driven kymograph, the speed is controlled by a ___.

A

fan of different sizes

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19
Q

The fans alter the speed of the drum by a principle of ___.

A

air resistance

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20
Q

The smaller the fan, the ___ is the speed of the drum.

A

faster

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21
Q

The bigger the fan, the ___ is the speed of the drum.

A

bigger

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22
Q

A ___ speed of the drum is frequently preferred particularly if a long recording time is anticipated.

A

slower speed

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23
Q

The most desirable of the two kymograph is the ___.

A

electric kymograph

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24
Q

It holds the cylindrical drum in place.

A

spring clamp

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25
Q

It is the paper attached in the kymograph drums with an imprinted record of data.

A

kymogram

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26
Q

The kymogram is preserved with a fixative solution of ___.

A

shellac

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27
Q

It records physiological functions in the body, such as muscle contraction and body temperature.

A

kymograph

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28
Q

True or False:

A properly smoked drum should have a thin but even coat of soot on the paper.

A

true

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29
Q

It is the sources of smoke for the smoking of the kymograph.

A

gum camphor,

kerosene

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30
Q

___ or ___ inches of the shellac solution should be placed in a tray wider than the kymograph paper.

A

one to two

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31
Q

It enables the user to apply a threshold stimulus to living tissues.

A

inductorium

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32
Q

It is designed so that both the intensity and frequency of the stimulus may be varied.

A

inductorium

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33
Q

The inductorium consists of a primary circuit through which a ___ current passes.

A

galvanic

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34
Q

The current that passes through the primary circuit is supplied by a ___ volt dry cell.

A

1 1/2

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35
Q

The secondary circuit is in ___ to the primary circuit.

A

close vicinity

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36
Q

When a certain current passes through the primary circuit, ___ current is induced in the secondary circuit.

A

faradic

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37
Q

True or False:
The induced current in the secondary circuit lasts for a fraction of a minute and its intensity varies depending on how close this secondary circuit is to the primary circuit.

A

false,

…. in the secondary circuit lasts for a fraction of a second…

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38
Q

When the galvanic current is constantly passing through the primary circuit, the induced current is known as ___.

A

make stimulus

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39
Q

When the user releases the key which in turn ceases the galvanic current to flow through the primary circuit, another induced faradic current is set up in the second circuit. This current is known as the ___.

A

break stimulus

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40
Q

The electrodes used to stimulate the living tissues are attached to the ___.

A

secondary circuit

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41
Q

Which voltage is greater, the one induced in the break current or the one produced in the make current?

A

the former

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42
Q

The two types of the inductorium are namely the ___ and ___ inductorium.

A

long,

short

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43
Q

The voltage output of the secondary circuit can be varied by setting the ___ found on top of the instrument.

A

dial

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44
Q

A ___ is used when a single stimulus is required.

A

single shock stimulus

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45
Q

A single shock stimulus is produced by connecting the wires to poles _ and _ on the square type of inductorium.

A

A and B

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46
Q

A single shock stimulus is produced by connecting the wires to poles _ and _ on the long inductorium.

A

A and C

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47
Q

It is a series of stimuli in rapid succession.

A

tetanic stimulus

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48
Q

To apply a series of stimuli in rapid succession, the battery should be connected to terminals _ and _ on the square inductorium.

A

A and C

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49
Q

To apply a series of stimuli in rapid succession, the battery should be connected to terminals _ and _ on the new inductorium.

A

A and B

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50
Q

It is used when multiple stimuli are required.

A

vibrating circuit

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51
Q

True or False:

When the primary circuit is completed, the signal magnet is also completed.

A

true

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52
Q

It is used whenever one wants to short-circuit the current.

A

shunt

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53
Q

It applies threshold stimulus to living tissues.

A

inductorium

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54
Q

It can change intensity of frequency of stimulus.

A

inductorium

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55
Q

It produces make stimulus.

A

make current

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56
Q

It produces break stimulus.

A

break current

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57
Q

It is used to change the intensity in the inductorium.

A

inductor-selector bulb

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58
Q

The primary circuit is attached to the ___ binding posts of the inductorium.

A

two primary binding posts

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59
Q

The secondary circuit is attached to the ___ binding posts of the inductorium.

A

three secondary binding posts

60
Q

The primary circuit is comprised of:

A

battery,
inductorium,
simple key

61
Q

The secondary circuit is comprised of:

A

signal magnet,
muscle clamp,
muscle lever

62
Q

It can be used in noting an event such as the time and type of stimulus.

A

signal magnet

63
Q

It can be used in noting time in seconds.

A

signal magnet

64
Q

It used as an event marker.

A

signal magnet

65
Q

The signal magnet is attached to an ___ in series at the time when the current passes through the stimulating electrodes.

A

insulated bell

66
Q

If a single shock is produced by the inductorium, the signal magnet marker moves ___ for an instant.

A

down

67
Q

If a series of multiple stimuli is applied, the signal magnet marker moves ___ until the stimuli have ceased.

A

up and down and remains in a down position

68
Q

It may be used to denote a particular time interval.

A

signal magnet

69
Q

It is triggered at set intervals by a clock-driven device that send a short ___ volt pulse to the magnet, causing the arm to move instantaneously.

A

1 1/2

70
Q

Differentiate the old and new signal magnet.

A

old signal magnet: binding posts on upper, writing arm

new signal magnet: binding posts on terminal end of right arm, writing pen

71
Q

The electromagnet in the signal magnet is covered by ___.

A

electric shunt

72
Q

It consists of a writing pen moving on a fulcrum.

A

muscle lever

73
Q

After being pulled up by a muscle contraction, the return of the lever of a muscle lever to its original position is facilitated by a ___.

A

spring

74
Q

The muscle lever has ___ screws.

A

two

75
Q

One screw of the muscle lever is for ___.

A

attaching the connecting wire to form part of the secondary circuit

76
Q

The other screw is called ___.

A

after-loading screw

77
Q

The other screw is used to ___.

A

adjust the level of writing pen

78
Q

The function of the muscle lever is to ___.

A

record contraction of a muscle.

79
Q

It is principally used to hold the muscle in place.

A

muscle clamp

80
Q

The muscle clamp is adjusted by a means of ___.

A

screw

81
Q

The muscle clamp has one binding posts to which a ___ is attached to complete the circuit.

A

wire

82
Q

Why do we need to study these instruments?

A

because they are the back or founding principles of all apparatus

83
Q

It is used to apply a threshold of stimulus.

A

electric stimulator

84
Q

It is a summarized version of the primary circuit.

A

electric stimulator

85
Q

It is consisted of a writing pen made of hard parchment that is cut to a fine point.

A

tuning fork

86
Q

Other name for tuning fork

A

vibrating fork

87
Q

The hands of a tuning fork is called ___.

A

prongs

88
Q

The tuning fork creates ___ vibration per second.

A

100

89
Q

1 vibration exists for __ seconds.

A

0.01

90
Q

It is an apparatus capable of measuring change in the size of an object.

A

pneumograph

91
Q

As the pressure of the closed pneumograph decreases, the pneumograph is ___.

A

stretched

92
Q

This consists of a pleated rubber sheet.

A

pneumograph

93
Q

If the subject is a female, placed the pneumograph above the ___.

A

breasts

94
Q

If the subject is a male, placed the pneumograph in a position on the ___ below the ___.

A

median line,

armpit

95
Q

The rubber tubing is ___ to ___ ft. in length.

A

3 to 4

96
Q

It is mounted on a stand and the inlet is outfitted about 6 inches of rubbery tubing.

A

tambour

97
Q

The bowl of a rubber tambour is covered with a ___.

A

piece of rubber sheet

98
Q

Explain the phenomena when the pneumograph collapses.

A

When the pneumograph collapses (during expiration), the pressure in the closed system increases, causing the rubber sheet to bulge which, in turn, raises the tambour writing arm.

99
Q

Explain the phenomena when the pneumograph stretches.

A

When the pneumograph stretches (during inspiration), the pressure in the closed system decreases, causing the rubber sheet to invaginate or hit the bottom of the bowl which, in turn, lowers the tambour writing arm.

100
Q

The peak of the inspiration will appear as a ___ on the kymogram.

A

plateau

101
Q

If the peak of the inspiration appears as a plateau, ___ the system to trap more air.

A

open

102
Q

The opening of system to trap more air is done by ___.

A

having the student partially inhale and hold breath.

103
Q

To magnify the respiration movements, the ___ should be moved closer to the bowl.

A

fulcrum

104
Q

The moving of fulcrum is done by loosening ___.

A

screw A

105
Q

The pneumograph ___ if object’s size enlarges.

A

streches

106
Q

The pneumograph __ if object’s size minimizes.

A

shortens

107
Q

It is a device used to assess lung function.

A

spirometer

108
Q

The apparatus consists of a drum ___.

A

inverted in a tank of water

109
Q

The drum in the spirometer is suspended from ___.

A

pulleys

110
Q

The drum is counterbalanced by a ___ in the spirometer.

A

weight

111
Q

As the person breathes in and out the spirometer, the drum moves ___.

A

up and down

112
Q

As the person breathes in and out the spirometer, the counterweight balancing the drum also ___.

A

rides up and down

113
Q

The spirometer is calibrated in ___.

A

milliliters

114
Q

The record produced from breathing in and out of a spirometer is called a ___.

A

spirogram

115
Q

It is the evaluation of lung function with a spirometer.

A

spirometry

116
Q

It is one of the simplest, most common pulmonary function tests.

A

spirometry

117
Q

The spirometry is necessary for the following reasons:

A

to determine how well the lungs receive, hold, and utilize air,
to monitor lung diseases,
to monitor effectiveness of treatment,
to determine the severity of lung disease,
to determine whether lung disease is restrictive (decreased airflow) or obstructive (disruption of airflow)

118
Q

It measures and records both the amount of air expelled and how quickly the air is expelled from the lungs.

A

spirometer

119
Q

It is a rigid wooden cylinder with a funnel.

A

old stethoscope

120
Q

It is a modern instrument with two chest pieces, a shallow bell, and a stiff diaphragm.

A

new stethoscope

121
Q

The tubing that connects the earpiece and the diaphragm and shallow bell is ___ to ___ in length.

A

25 to 30

122
Q

It is the part of a stethoscope that is used to listen to high-frequency sounds or murmurs.

A

diaphragm

123
Q

It is the part of a stethoscope that is used to listen to low-frequency sounds.

A

shallow bell

124
Q

For routine examination of the heart, what part of the stethoscope is used?

A

Both the diaphragm and shallow bell

125
Q

It is used to examine the chest and abdomen.

A

diaphragm

126
Q

Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:

splitting sounds

A

high-frequency sound

127
Q

Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:

opening snaps

A

high-frequency sound

128
Q

Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:

aortic diastolic murmurs

A

high-frequency sound

129
Q

Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:

diastolic murmur of mitral stenosis

A

low-frequency sound

130
Q

Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:

third and fourth heart sounds

A

low-frequency sound

131
Q

It is an instrument that measures arterial blood pressure.

A

sphygomanometer

132
Q

Three types of sphygmomanometer:

A

mercurial,
aneroid,
digital

133
Q

It is a type of sphygmomanometer which can cause nephrotoxy.

A

mercurial sphygmomanometer

134
Q

It is a type of sphygmomanometer that consists of a calibrated tube filled with mercury.

A

mercurial sphygmomanometer

135
Q

It is a type of sphygmomanometer that has a dial operating through a spring-like weighing scale.

A

aneroid sphygmomanometer

136
Q

It is a type of sphygmomanometer that is the least accurate.

A

digital sphygmomanometer

137
Q

True or False:
A rubber cuff is placed around the upper arm, or sometimes the thigh, and inflated with air to a pressure lesser than that of the pressure exerted by the blood in the arteries.

A

false,

…. pressure greater than that…

138
Q

It is the pressure at which the sounds disappear.

A

diastolic pressure

139
Q

It is the pressure in the cuff that equals the upper blood pressure.

A

systolic pressure

140
Q

The measurement of blood pressure is measured in ___.

A

millimeters of mercury (mmHg)

141
Q

Other term for rubber mallet

A

reflex hammer

142
Q

It is used to study reflexes.

A

rubber mallet

143
Q

It is an example of a reflex.

A

patellar reflex or knee jerk

144
Q

It is the part of a rubber mallet used for short tendons.

A

pointed end

145
Q

It is the part of a rubber mallet used for long tendons.

A

blunt end

146
Q

It is the part of a rubber mallet used for neurons.

A

neurostimulator

🔬 BIOSCI: Physiology and Anatomy (16 decks)

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