Exercise 1: Physiological Apparatus Flashcards
A battery may be either a ___ or ___.
wet cell,
dry cell
It is the usual source of the current.
battery
A current may either be ___ or ___.
direct or galvanic or constant current,
induced or faradic or pulsating current
How many poles does a dry or wet cell have?
two
The poles are composed of ___ and ___.
one positive pole,
one negative pole
___ are attached to each pole to allow the flow of current.
connecting wires
It is a device with two binding posts and a contact metal.
simple key
When the contact metal is pressed, a ___ current is created.
make current
When the contact metal is released, a ___ current is produced.
break current
It allows flow of electricity from a source of electricity, usually battery.
simple key
Another term for shock.
current
Differentiate the old and new simple key.
old simple key: traditional,
new simple key: contact metal is positioned differently, presence of on and off switch
It consists of a cylindrical drum on a shaft which, in turn, is driven by a variable speed motor.
kymograph
The drum is covered with paper suitable for ___ writing, ___ writing, or ___ writing.
smoke writing,
ink writing,
electric writing
A kymograph has two types, the ___ and ___ kymograph.
spring-driven,
electric
The drum is rotated in a ___ direction.
clockwise
In an electric kymograph, the speed is controlled by a ___.
variable five-speed control gear shift
In a spring-driven kymograph, the speed is controlled by a ___.
fan of different sizes
The fans alter the speed of the drum by a principle of ___.
air resistance
The smaller the fan, the ___ is the speed of the drum.
faster
The bigger the fan, the ___ is the speed of the drum.
bigger
A ___ speed of the drum is frequently preferred particularly if a long recording time is anticipated.
slower speed
The most desirable of the two kymograph is the ___.
electric kymograph
It holds the cylindrical drum in place.
spring clamp
It is the paper attached in the kymograph drums with an imprinted record of data.
kymogram
The kymogram is preserved with a fixative solution of ___.
shellac
It records physiological functions in the body, such as muscle contraction and body temperature.
kymograph
True or False:
A properly smoked drum should have a thin but even coat of soot on the paper.
true
It is the sources of smoke for the smoking of the kymograph.
gum camphor,
kerosene
___ or ___ inches of the shellac solution should be placed in a tray wider than the kymograph paper.
one to two
It enables the user to apply a threshold stimulus to living tissues.
inductorium
It is designed so that both the intensity and frequency of the stimulus may be varied.
inductorium
The inductorium consists of a primary circuit through which a ___ current passes.
galvanic
The current that passes through the primary circuit is supplied by a ___ volt dry cell.
1 1/2
The secondary circuit is in ___ to the primary circuit.
close vicinity
When a certain current passes through the primary circuit, ___ current is induced in the secondary circuit.
faradic
True or False:
The induced current in the secondary circuit lasts for a fraction of a minute and its intensity varies depending on how close this secondary circuit is to the primary circuit.
false,
…. in the secondary circuit lasts for a fraction of a second…
When the galvanic current is constantly passing through the primary circuit, the induced current is known as ___.
make stimulus
When the user releases the key which in turn ceases the galvanic current to flow through the primary circuit, another induced faradic current is set up in the second circuit. This current is known as the ___.
break stimulus
The electrodes used to stimulate the living tissues are attached to the ___.
secondary circuit
Which voltage is greater, the one induced in the break current or the one produced in the make current?
the former
The two types of the inductorium are namely the ___ and ___ inductorium.
long,
short
The voltage output of the secondary circuit can be varied by setting the ___ found on top of the instrument.
dial
A ___ is used when a single stimulus is required.
single shock stimulus
A single shock stimulus is produced by connecting the wires to poles _ and _ on the square type of inductorium.
A and B
A single shock stimulus is produced by connecting the wires to poles _ and _ on the long inductorium.
A and C
It is a series of stimuli in rapid succession.
tetanic stimulus
To apply a series of stimuli in rapid succession, the battery should be connected to terminals _ and _ on the square inductorium.
A and C
To apply a series of stimuli in rapid succession, the battery should be connected to terminals _ and _ on the new inductorium.
A and B
It is used when multiple stimuli are required.
vibrating circuit
True or False:
When the primary circuit is completed, the signal magnet is also completed.
true
It is used whenever one wants to short-circuit the current.
shunt
It applies threshold stimulus to living tissues.
inductorium
It can change intensity of frequency of stimulus.
inductorium
It produces make stimulus.
make current
It produces break stimulus.
break current
It is used to change the intensity in the inductorium.
inductor-selector bulb
The primary circuit is attached to the ___ binding posts of the inductorium.
two primary binding posts
The secondary circuit is attached to the ___ binding posts of the inductorium.
three secondary binding posts
The primary circuit is comprised of:
battery,
inductorium,
simple key
The secondary circuit is comprised of:
signal magnet,
muscle clamp,
muscle lever
It can be used in noting an event such as the time and type of stimulus.
signal magnet
It can be used in noting time in seconds.
signal magnet
It used as an event marker.
signal magnet
The signal magnet is attached to an ___ in series at the time when the current passes through the stimulating electrodes.
insulated bell
If a single shock is produced by the inductorium, the signal magnet marker moves ___ for an instant.
down
If a series of multiple stimuli is applied, the signal magnet marker moves ___ until the stimuli have ceased.
up and down and remains in a down position
It may be used to denote a particular time interval.
signal magnet
It is triggered at set intervals by a clock-driven device that send a short ___ volt pulse to the magnet, causing the arm to move instantaneously.
1 1/2
Differentiate the old and new signal magnet.
old signal magnet: binding posts on upper, writing arm
new signal magnet: binding posts on terminal end of right arm, writing pen
The electromagnet in the signal magnet is covered by ___.
electric shunt
It consists of a writing pen moving on a fulcrum.
muscle lever
After being pulled up by a muscle contraction, the return of the lever of a muscle lever to its original position is facilitated by a ___.
spring
The muscle lever has ___ screws.
two
One screw of the muscle lever is for ___.
attaching the connecting wire to form part of the secondary circuit
The other screw is called ___.
after-loading screw
The other screw is used to ___.
adjust the level of writing pen
The function of the muscle lever is to ___.
record contraction of a muscle.
It is principally used to hold the muscle in place.
muscle clamp
The muscle clamp is adjusted by a means of ___.
screw
The muscle clamp has one binding posts to which a ___ is attached to complete the circuit.
wire
Why do we need to study these instruments?
because they are the back or founding principles of all apparatus
It is used to apply a threshold of stimulus.
electric stimulator
It is a summarized version of the primary circuit.
electric stimulator
It is consisted of a writing pen made of hard parchment that is cut to a fine point.
tuning fork
Other name for tuning fork
vibrating fork
The hands of a tuning fork is called ___.
prongs
The tuning fork creates ___ vibration per second.
100
1 vibration exists for __ seconds.
0.01
It is an apparatus capable of measuring change in the size of an object.
pneumograph
As the pressure of the closed pneumograph decreases, the pneumograph is ___.
stretched
This consists of a pleated rubber sheet.
pneumograph
If the subject is a female, placed the pneumograph above the ___.
breasts
If the subject is a male, placed the pneumograph in a position on the ___ below the ___.
median line,
armpit
The rubber tubing is ___ to ___ ft. in length.
3 to 4
It is mounted on a stand and the inlet is outfitted about 6 inches of rubbery tubing.
tambour
The bowl of a rubber tambour is covered with a ___.
piece of rubber sheet
Explain the phenomena when the pneumograph collapses.
When the pneumograph collapses (during expiration), the pressure in the closed system increases, causing the rubber sheet to bulge which, in turn, raises the tambour writing arm.
Explain the phenomena when the pneumograph stretches.
When the pneumograph stretches (during inspiration), the pressure in the closed system decreases, causing the rubber sheet to invaginate or hit the bottom of the bowl which, in turn, lowers the tambour writing arm.
The peak of the inspiration will appear as a ___ on the kymogram.
plateau
If the peak of the inspiration appears as a plateau, ___ the system to trap more air.
open
The opening of system to trap more air is done by ___.
having the student partially inhale and hold breath.
To magnify the respiration movements, the ___ should be moved closer to the bowl.
fulcrum
The moving of fulcrum is done by loosening ___.
screw A
The pneumograph ___ if object’s size enlarges.
streches
The pneumograph __ if object’s size minimizes.
shortens
It is a device used to assess lung function.
spirometer
The apparatus consists of a drum ___.
inverted in a tank of water
The drum in the spirometer is suspended from ___.
pulleys
The drum is counterbalanced by a ___ in the spirometer.
weight
As the person breathes in and out the spirometer, the drum moves ___.
up and down
As the person breathes in and out the spirometer, the counterweight balancing the drum also ___.
rides up and down
The spirometer is calibrated in ___.
milliliters
The record produced from breathing in and out of a spirometer is called a ___.
spirogram
It is the evaluation of lung function with a spirometer.
spirometry
It is one of the simplest, most common pulmonary function tests.
spirometry
The spirometry is necessary for the following reasons:
to determine how well the lungs receive, hold, and utilize air,
to monitor lung diseases,
to monitor effectiveness of treatment,
to determine the severity of lung disease,
to determine whether lung disease is restrictive (decreased airflow) or obstructive (disruption of airflow)
It measures and records both the amount of air expelled and how quickly the air is expelled from the lungs.
spirometer
It is a rigid wooden cylinder with a funnel.
old stethoscope
It is a modern instrument with two chest pieces, a shallow bell, and a stiff diaphragm.
new stethoscope
The tubing that connects the earpiece and the diaphragm and shallow bell is ___ to ___ in length.
25 to 30
It is the part of a stethoscope that is used to listen to high-frequency sounds or murmurs.
diaphragm
It is the part of a stethoscope that is used to listen to low-frequency sounds.
shallow bell
For routine examination of the heart, what part of the stethoscope is used?
Both the diaphragm and shallow bell
It is used to examine the chest and abdomen.
diaphragm
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
splitting sounds
high-frequency sound
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
opening snaps
high-frequency sound
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
aortic diastolic murmurs
high-frequency sound
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
diastolic murmur of mitral stenosis
low-frequency sound
Identify if high-frequency or low-frequency sound:
third and fourth heart sounds
low-frequency sound
It is an instrument that measures arterial blood pressure.
sphygomanometer
Three types of sphygmomanometer:
mercurial,
aneroid,
digital
It is a type of sphygmomanometer which can cause nephrotoxy.
mercurial sphygmomanometer
It is a type of sphygmomanometer that consists of a calibrated tube filled with mercury.
mercurial sphygmomanometer
It is a type of sphygmomanometer that has a dial operating through a spring-like weighing scale.
aneroid sphygmomanometer
It is a type of sphygmomanometer that is the least accurate.
digital sphygmomanometer
True or False:
A rubber cuff is placed around the upper arm, or sometimes the thigh, and inflated with air to a pressure lesser than that of the pressure exerted by the blood in the arteries.
false,
…. pressure greater than that…
It is the pressure at which the sounds disappear.
diastolic pressure
It is the pressure in the cuff that equals the upper blood pressure.
systolic pressure
The measurement of blood pressure is measured in ___.
millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
Other term for rubber mallet
reflex hammer
It is used to study reflexes.
rubber mallet
It is an example of a reflex.
patellar reflex or knee jerk
It is the part of a rubber mallet used for short tendons.
pointed end
It is the part of a rubber mallet used for long tendons.
blunt end
It is the part of a rubber mallet used for neurons.
neurostimulator
