Exercise 6: Classification of Tissues

Question 1

List the following in order from least to most complex: organ, cell, tissue, and organ system.

Answer 1

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system

Question 2

Define histology.

Answer 2

The study of the microscope structures of cells and tissues of plants and animals

Question 3

What major tissue type describes: lines body cavities and covers the body’s external surface

Answer 3

Epithelium

Question 4

What major tissue type describes: pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat

Answer 4

Muscle

Question 5

What major tissue type describes: forms endocrine and exocrine glands

Answer 5

Epithelium

Question 6

What major tissue type describes: anchors, packages, and supports body organs

Answer 6

Connective tissue

Question 7

What major tissue type describes: classified based on the shape and arrangement of the cells

Answer 7

Epithelium

Question 8

What major tissue type describes: derived from mesenchyme

Answer 8

Connective tissue

Question 9

What major tissue type describes: major function is to contract

Answer 9

Muscle

Question 10

What major tissue type describes: transmits electrical signals

Answer 10

Nervous tissue

Question 11

What major tissue type describes: consists of cells within an extracellular matrix

Answer 11

Connective tissue

Question 12

What major tissue type describes: most widespread tissue in the body

Answer 12

Connective tissue

Question 13

What major tissue type describes: forms nerves and the brain

Answer 13

Nervous tissue

Question 14

Describe five general characteristics of epithelial tissue.

Answer 14

The cells fit closely together, forming sheetlike membranes; little intercellular material between the cells; avascular; membrane has a free edge; generally has a high regenerative capacity

Question 15

Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Protection

Answer 15

Stratified squamous epithelium - skin

Question 16

Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Diffusion

Answer 16

Simple squamous epithelium - lungs

Question 17

Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Secretion

Answer 17

Simple columnar epithelium - glandular cells

Question 18

Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Filtration

Answer 18

Simple cuboidal epithelium - kidney tubule cells

Question 19

Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Absorption

Answer 19

Simple cuboidal epithelium - cells living in the digestive tract

Question 20

What structural feature do epithelia that provide for protection have in common?

Answer 20

They are all stratified

Question 21

Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics. How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia?

Answer 21

When stretched, its top layers are squamous, but when it is not stretched they are pillow shaped

Question 22

Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics. How does the structural difference support its function?

Answer 22

The surface cells have the ability to slide over one another, increasing the internal volume of the organ

Question 23

How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?

Answer 23

Endocrine glands are ductless glands; they produce hormones, which are liberated into the extracellular fluid to enter the blood

Question 24

What are three general characteristics of connective tissue?

Answer 24

Common origin of connective tissue from the mesenchyme; varied degrees of vascularity; and a large amount of extracellular matrix that varies with the tissue type

Question 25

What functions are performed by connective tissue?

Answer 25

Protection, support, and the binding together of other body tissues

Question 26

How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure?

Answer 26

Wide variety of structures and wide variety of functions

Question 27

What connective tissue describe: attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones?

Answer 27

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 28

What connective tissue describe: insulates against heat loss?

Answer 28

Adipose connective tissue

Question 29

What connective tissue describe: forms the fibrous joint capsule?

Answer 29

Dense irregular connective tissue

Question 30

What connective tissue describe: makes up the intervertebral discs?

Answer 30

Fibrocartilage

Question 31

What connective tissue describe: composes basement membranes; a soft packaging tissue with a jellylike matrix?

Answer 31

Areolar connective tissue

Question 32

What connective tissue describe: forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton?

Answer 32

Hyaline cartilage

Question 33

What connective tissue describe: provides a flexible framework for the external ear?

Answer 33

Elastic cartilage

Question 34

What connective tissue describe: provides levers for muscles to act on?

Answer 34

Osseous tissue

Question 35

What connective tissue describe: forms the walls of large arteries?

Answer 35

Elastic connective tissue

Question 36

What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons?

Answer 36

Irritability and conductivity

Question 37

In what ways are neurons similar to other cells?

Answer 37

They contain a nucleus and the usual organelles

Question 38

How are neurons structurally different to other cells?

Answer 38

Their cytoplasm is drawn out into long processes

Question 39

Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.

Answer 39

Neurons conduct impulses over relatively long distances in the body