Exercise 6: Classification of Tissues Flashcards
List the following in order from least to most complex: organ, cell, tissue, and organ system.
Cell, tissue, organ, organ system
Define histology.
The study of the microscope structures of cells and tissues of plants and animals
What major tissue type describes: lines body cavities and covers the body’s external surface
Epithelium
What major tissue type describes: pumps blood, flushes urine out of the body, allows one to swing a bat
Muscle
What major tissue type describes: forms endocrine and exocrine glands
Epithelium
What major tissue type describes: anchors, packages, and supports body organs
Connective tissue
What major tissue type describes: classified based on the shape and arrangement of the cells
Epithelium
What major tissue type describes: derived from mesenchyme
Connective tissue
What major tissue type describes: major function is to contract
Muscle
What major tissue type describes: transmits electrical signals
Nervous tissue
What major tissue type describes: consists of cells within an extracellular matrix
Connective tissue
What major tissue type describes: most widespread tissue in the body
Connective tissue
What major tissue type describes: forms nerves and the brain
Nervous tissue
Describe five general characteristics of epithelial tissue.
The cells fit closely together, forming sheetlike membranes; little intercellular material between the cells; avascular; membrane has a free edge; generally has a high regenerative capacity
Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Protection
Stratified squamous epithelium - skin
Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Diffusion
Simple squamous epithelium - lungs
Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Secretion
Simple columnar epithelium - glandular cells
Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Filtration
Simple cuboidal epithelium - kidney tubule cells
Name one type of epithelium and an organ that provides for the function: Absorption
Simple cuboidal epithelium - cells living in the digestive tract
What structural feature do epithelia that provide for protection have in common?
They are all stratified
Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics. How does it differ structurally from other stratified squamous epithelia?
When stretched, its top layers are squamous, but when it is not stretched they are pillow shaped
Transitional epithelium is actually stratified squamous epithelium with special characteristics. How does the structural difference support its function?
The surface cells have the ability to slide over one another, increasing the internal volume of the organ
How do the endocrine and exocrine glands differ in structure and function?
Endocrine glands are ductless glands; they produce hormones, which are liberated into the extracellular fluid to enter the blood
What are three general characteristics of connective tissue?
Common origin of connective tissue from the mesenchyme; varied degrees of vascularity; and a large amount of extracellular matrix that varies with the tissue type
What functions are performed by connective tissue?
Protection, support, and the binding together of other body tissues
How are the functions of connective tissue reflected in its structure?
Wide variety of structures and wide variety of functions
What connective tissue describe: attaches bones to bones and muscles to bones?
Dense regular connective tissue
What connective tissue describe: insulates against heat loss?
Adipose connective tissue
What connective tissue describe: forms the fibrous joint capsule?
Dense irregular connective tissue
What connective tissue describe: makes up the intervertebral discs?
Fibrocartilage
What connective tissue describe: composes basement membranes; a soft packaging tissue with a jellylike matrix?
Areolar connective tissue
What connective tissue describe: forms the larynx, the costal cartilages of the ribs, and the embryonic skeleton?
Hyaline cartilage
What connective tissue describe: provides a flexible framework for the external ear?
Elastic cartilage
What connective tissue describe: provides levers for muscles to act on?
Osseous tissue
What connective tissue describe: forms the walls of large arteries?
Elastic connective tissue
What two physiological characteristics are highly developed in neurons?
Irritability and conductivity
In what ways are neurons similar to other cells?
They contain a nucleus and the usual organelles
How are neurons structurally different to other cells?
Their cytoplasm is drawn out into long processes
Describe how the unique structure of a neuron relates to its function in the body.
Neurons conduct impulses over relatively long distances in the body
