Exercise 23: Special Senses: Anatomy of the Visual System Flashcards
The eyeball is wrapped in adipose tissue within the bony orbit. What is the function of the adipose tissue?
Adipose tissue protects the eyeball from the outer environments and works as cushion for eyeball
Why does one often have to blow one’s nose after crying?
Some percent of your tears is released into the nasolacrimal duct, then sent to the nasal cavity
What is the extrinsic eye muscle predominantly responsible for this action: turns the eye laterally
Lateral rectus
What is the extrinsic eye muscle predominantly responsible for this action: turns the eye medially
Medial rectus
What is the extrinsic eye muscle predominantly responsible for this action: turns the eye up and laterally
Inferior oblique
What is the extrinsic eye muscle predominantly responsible for this action: turns the eye down and medially
Inferior rectus
What is the extrinsic eye muscle predominantly responsible for this action: turns the eye up and medially
Superior rectus
What is the extrinsic eye muscle predominantly responsible for this action: turns the eye down and laterally
Superior oblique
What is a sty?
An inflammation of one of the ciliary glands or a small oil gland is a sty
What is conjunctivitis?
An inflammation of the conjunctiva
Fluid filling the anterior segment of the eye
Aqueous humor
The “white” of the eye
Sclera
Part of the retina that lacks photoreceptors
Optic disc
Modification of the choroid that contains the ciliary muscle
Ciliary body
Drains aqueous humor from the eye
Scleral venous sinus
Layer containing the rods and cones
Retina
Substance occupying the posterior segment of the eyeball
Vitreous humor
Forms the bulk of the heavily pigmented vascular layer
Choroid
Composed of smooth muscle structures (2)
Ciliary body and iris
Area of critical focusing and detailed color vision
Fovea centralis
Form the aqueous humor
Ciliary processes of the ciliary body
Light-bending media of the eye (4)
Aqueous humor, cornea, lens, vitreous humor
Anterior continuation of the sclera - your “window on the world”
Cornea
Composed of tough, white, opaque, fibrous connective tissue
Sclera
The axons of the _____ cells form the optic nerve, which exits from the eyeball.
Ganglion
The dim light receptors are the _____. Only _____ are found in the fovea centralism, whereas mostly _____ are found in the periphery of the retina. _____ are the photoreceptors that operate best in bright light and allow for color vision.
Rods; cones; rods; cones
What does the retina look like?
Delicate white membrane overlying the darkly pigmented choroid coat
At what point is the retina attached to the posterior aspect of the eyeball?
Optic disc
The visual pathway to the occipital lobe of the brain consists most simply of a chain of five cells. Beginning with the photoreceptor cell of the retina, name them, and note their location in the pathway.
- Photoreceptor cell; retina
- Bipolar cell; retina
- Ganglion cell; retina
- Neuron; lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
- Cortical neuron; visual cortex of the cerebral hemisphere
How is the right optic tract anatomically different from the right optic nerve?
The right optic nerve contains fibers from the right eye only; the right optic tract contain fibers from the lateral aspect of the right eye
