Exercise 15: Histology of Nervous Tissue Flashcards
The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the neuron. What is the major function of this cell type?
To generate and transmit nerve impulses
The definition for: the brain and spinal cord collectively is?
Central nervous system
The definition for: specialized supporting cells in the nervous system is?
Neuroglia
The definition for: junction or point of close contact between neurons is?
Synaptic cleft
The definition for: a bundle of axons inside the PNS is?
Nerve
The definition for: neuron serving as part of the conduction pathway between sensory and motor neurons is?
Interneuron
The definition for: ganglia and spinal and cranial nerves is?
Peripheral nervous system
The definition for: collection of neuron cell bodies found within the CNS is?
Ganglion
The definition for: neuron that conducts impulses away from the CNS to muscles and glands is?
Efferent neuron
The definition for: neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS from the body periphery is?
Afferent neuron
The definition for: chemicals released by neurons that stimulate or inhibit other neurons or effectors is?
Neurotransmitters
The definition for: collection of neuron cell bodies found in the PNS is?
Nucleus
The definition for: bundle of axons inside the CNS is?
Tract
What is the atomically term for: region of the cell body from which the axon originates
Axon hillock
What is the atomically term for: secretes neurotransmitters
Axon terminal
What is the atomically term for: receptive regions of a neuron
Dendrite
What is the atomically term for: insulates the nerve fibers
Myelin sheath
What is the atomically term for: site of the nucleus and most important metabolic area
Cell body
What is the atomically term for: involved in the transport of substances within the neuron
Neurofibril
What is the atomically term for: essentially rough endoplasmic reticulum, important metabolically
Chromatophilic substance
What is the atomically term for: impulse generator and transmitter
Axon
What substance is found in synaptic vesicles of the axon terminal?
Neurontransmitter
What anatomical characteristic determines whether a particular neuron is classified as unipolar, bipolar, or multipolar?
The number of process issuing from the cell body
What is a nerve?
A bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue
What is the location of this connective tissue: endoneurium?
Surrounds axon
What is the location of this connective tissue: perineurium?
Surrounds a bundle of axons
What is the location of this connective tissue: epineurium?
Surrounds all of the axons contributing to a nerve
What is the function of the connective tissue wrappings found in a nerve?
To protect and insulate the nerve fibers
Define mixed nerve
Nerve containing both motor (efferent) and sensory (afferent) fibers
