exercise 24 Flashcards
kidney
production of urine, acts as endocrine gland (produces and secretes erythropoietin when oxygen delivery to kidneys is reduced)
ADH/vasopressin
produced by hypothalamus and released via the posterior pituitary gland; causes more aquaporins to be inserted in the basolateral membrane so that water is reabsorbed and hyper osmotic urine is produced
increased blood osmolarity leads to
increased firing of osmoreceptors
angiotensin II
causes vasoconstriction of blood vessels and a resultant increase in peripheral resistance and arterial BP is increased; stimulates release of aldosterone
hyperkalemia
leads to insertion of K+ channels in the luminal membrane of the epithelial cells lining the cortical collecting ducts and allows more K+ to be excreted (aldosterone-independent K+ secretion)
aldosterone-dependent K+
high blood concentration of K+ stimulates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone. as aldosterone increases the reabsorption of Na+, it simultaneously increases the secretion of K+
central diabetes insipidus
due to the lack of production of ADH by the hypothalamus
nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
due to the inability of the kidneys to respond to ADH
bilirubinuria
a person w liver damage or blockage of the bile or hepatic ducts may excrete larger than normal amounts of bilirubin
glomerular filtration rate
the volume of fluid filtered per time; 180 L/day
if the renal clearance of a substance is equal to the GFR
the substance is neither reabsorbed nor secreted
if the renal clearance of a substance is less than the GFR
some of the substance has been reabsorbed
if the renal clearance of a substance is greater than the GFR
some of the substance has been secreted
if the substance is filtered but has a renal clearance of zero
the substance has been fully reabsorbed
