Chapter 16 Flashcards
normocyte
normal volume
macrocytic
larger volume; this happens if a person has a deficiency in B12 or folic acid
Microcytic
smaller volume; not producing appropriate amount of Hb and can result in iron deficiency
Mean corpuscular Hb
average amount of Hb they carry
normochromic
normal
hyperchromic
more Hb
hypochromic
not enough; usually microcytic
a full molecule of Hb can carry
4 molecules of oxygen
bilirubin
goes to liver where it is converted to urobilin or stercobilin
RBC count
females - 3.9-5.6 million per microliter
males - 4.5-6.5 million per microliter
erythrocytopenia
low RBC count
polycythemia
high RBC count
relative
right number but higher concentration
polycythemia vera
high RBC count but you have not suffered hypoxia
secondary or compensatory
high RBC and hypoxia; high altitude or pregnancy
Hematocrit
ratio of RBC to total volume
females: 42% +/- 5%
males: 47% +/- 7%
leukocytopenia
too few WBC
leukocytosis
too many WBC; leukemia is an extreme form
platelet count
1.5 x 10^5 - 4.5 x 10^5
thrombocytopenia
too few platelets
thrombocyosis
too many platelets
Platelet activation
exposure to collagen, Von Wille factor promotes platelets to stick to collagen, platelets secrete serotonin to vasoconstrict, PAT gets more platelets to come, produces thromboxane A which promotes aggregation and vasoconstriction; COX enzymes used to produce thromboxane A
coagulation
intrinsic pathway: collagen activates factor 12
extrinsic pathway: activation of factors 3 and 7
activation of factor 10, prothrombin, thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin which makes the stabilized clot
break clot
thrombin and t-PA convert plasminogen to plasmic which snips fibrin threads
