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Bio 11.1 [Zoology II] > Exercise 19: The Circulatory System > Flashcards

Exercise 19: The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

It refers to the type of circulation where blood is transported via vessels.

A

closed circulation

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2
Q

Complete the sentence below:
In open circulation, blood is referred to as ____________.

A

hemolymph

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3
Q

It refers to the type of circulation where blood freely moves within the body cavity.

A

open circulation

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4
Q

Are invertebrates which possess an open circulation.

A
  • arthropods
  • mollusks
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5
Q

Are organisms with closed circulation.

A
  • vertebrates
  • annelids
  • cephalopods
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6
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Flatworms and sponges do not possess a circulatory system.

A

True

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7
Q

Complete the sentence below:
In flatworms and sponges, blood is transported between cells and tissues via body movements.

A

True

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8
Q

Complete the sentence below:
In an open circulatory system of a cockroach, a medially located membranous tube runs along the thorax which is called the _______________.

A

dorsal aorta

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9
Q

Complete the sentence below:
In an open circulatory system of a cockroach, the dorsal aorta continues into the abdomen as the ____________.

A

heart

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10
Q

It allows the inflow of hemolymph into the heart while its valves prevent backflow.

A

ostia

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11
Q

In an open circulatory system of a cockroach, it refers to the cavity where the heart is located.

A

pericardial sinus

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12
Q

In an open circulatory system of a cockroach, it refers to a membranous sheet which separates the pericardial sinus from the rest of the body.

A

dorsal diaphragm

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13
Q

Are the components of the circulatory system of vertebrates.

A
  • blood
  • heart
  • arteries
  • arterioles
  • veins
  • venules
  • capillaries
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14
Q

It serves as the pump of the circulatory system, sending blood to the different body parts.

A

heart

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15
Q

Are blood vessels which return blood to the heart.

A

veins

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16
Q

Are blood vessels which transport blood away from the heart.

A

arteries

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17
Q

It is where gas exchange occur.

A

capillaries

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18
Q

Are found in between arterioles and in between venules.

A

capillaries

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19
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Arteries possess thicker, muscular walls.

A

True

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20
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It is where the heart is located.

A

pericardial cavity

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21
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It is a membranous layer covering the heart.

A

visceral pericardium

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22
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It refers to the lining of the pericardial cavity.

A

parietal pericardium (parietal sac)

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23
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The visceral pericardium is continuous with the parietal pericardium.

A

True

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24
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
Identify the components of the heart.

A
  • sinus venosus
  • conus arteriosus
  • left and right atria
  • ventricle
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25
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It is the most prominent part of the heart.

A

ventricle

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26
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It receives all deoxygenated blood from the body, then deposits it into the right atrium.

A

sinus venosus

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27
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It separates the atria into the left and right hemisphere.

A

interatrial septum

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28
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It refers to the opening on the dorsal wall of the right atrium.

A

sinoatrial aperture

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29
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It serves as the entrance of blood from the sinus venosus into the right atrium.

A

sinoatrial aperture

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30
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
It is where blood passes through from the atria to the ventricle.

A

left and right atrioventricular apertures

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31
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
The opening to the conus arteriosus is located at the anterior margin of the ventricle.

A

True

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32
Q

In the circulatory system of tetrapods:
Are valves guarding the opening of the conus arteriosus.

A
  • spiral valve
  • semilunar valve
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33
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The anterior end of the mammalian heart is known as the ____________ and the posterior end is called the ____________.

A

base, apex

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34
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
Are small blood vessels covering the heart.

A

coronary veins and arteries

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35
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
Are blood vessels which drains the cardiac muscles.

A

coronary veins

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36
Q

Circulatory System of Mammals:
Are blood vessels which supply the cardiac muscles.

A

coronary arteries

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37
Q

Complete the sentence below:
In mammals, the left ventricle is __________ muscular than the right ventricle.

A

more

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38
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
Are ridges on the walls of the ventricles.

A

trabeculae carnae

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39
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
It separates the ventricles into its left and right chambers.

A

interventricular septum

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40
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
It refers to the opening between the ventricle and atrium.

A

atrioventricular aperture

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41
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
It borders the left atrioventricular aperture.

A

bicuspid (mitral) valve

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42
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
It borders the right atrioventricular aperture.

A

tricuspid valve

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43
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
Are projections on the walls of the ventricles where valves are connected.

A

papillary muscles

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44
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
Are tough thread-like structures connecting the valves into the papillary muscles.

A

chordae tendinae

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45
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
Which structures aid in the opening and closing of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves?

A
  • papillary muscles
  • chordae tendinae
46
Q

Complete the sentence below:
From the _______________, the opening to the pulmonary artery can be found.

A

right atrium

47
Q

Complete the sentence below:
In the mammalian circulatory system, the ____________ valve is found along the opening of the pulmonary artery.

48
Q

Complete the sentence below:
Blood from the lungs enters the left atrium through the _______________.

A

pulmonary vein

49
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The left ventricle sends blood to the body through the ____________.

50
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The sinus venosus in mammals has been reduced to the _______________.

A

sino-atrial node

51
Q

In the mammalian circulatory system:
It is found at the area where the pre- and post-caval veins exit the left atrium.

A

sino-atrial node

52
Q

Identify the 3 principal components of the venous system.

A
  • systemic veins
  • portal veins
  • pulmonary veins
53
Q

Which veins carry deoxygenated blood into the sinus venosus?

A

systemic veins

54
Q

Which veins carry deoxygenated blood into filtering organs?

A

portal veins

55
Q

Which veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium?

A

pulmonary vein

56
Q

Are known as branches of the veins.

A

tributaries

57
Q

Are veins entering the sinus venosus antero-laterally.

A

left and right pre-caval veins (anterior vena cavae)

58
Q

Are the 3 tributaries of the pre-caval veins.

A
  • external jugular veins (anterior)
  • innominate veins (middle)
  • subclavian veins (posterior)
59
Q

Are the 2 divisions of the external jugular vein.

A
  • lingual vein
  • maxillary vein
60
Q

Which vein drains the tongue?

A

lingual vein

61
Q

Which vein drains the lower jaw?

A

maxillary vein

62
Q

Are the 2 divisions of the innominate vein.

A
  • internal jugular vein
  • subscapular vein
63
Q

Which vein drains the brain?

A

internal jugular vein

64
Q

Which vein drains the shoulders?

A

subscapular vein

65
Q

Are the 2 divisions of the subclavian vein.

A
  • brachial vein
  • musculocutaneous vein
66
Q

Which vein drains the arms?

A

brachial vein

67
Q

Which vein exits the pleuro-peritoneal cavity?

A

musculocutaneous vein

68
Q

Which vein drains the skin and chest muscles?

A

musculocutaneous vein

69
Q

Which vein enters the sinus venosus posteriorly?

A

post-caval vein (posterior vena cava)

70
Q

Which veins drain the liver?

A

hepatic veins

71
Q

Which veins drain the kidney?

A

renal veins

72
Q

Identify the 2 portal systems in the toad.

A
  • hepatic portal system
  • renal portal system
73
Q

Are veins coming from the lobes of the liver, embedded on the mesentery of the intestine.

A

hepatic portal vein

74
Q

Which vein drains the stomach?

A

gastric vein

75
Q

Which vein drains the pancreas?

A

pancreatic vein

76
Q

Which vein drains the spleen?

A

splenic vein

77
Q

Which vein drains the small intestine?

A

intestinal vein

78
Q

Which vein drains the muscles of the abdomen?

A

ventral abdominal vein

79
Q

Which vein drains the femoral vein and the sciatic vein?

A

renal portal vein

80
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The continuation of the femoral vein can be seen between the ____________ and the ____________.

A

triceps femoris, iliofibularis

81
Q

Which vein drains the thigh?

A

femoral vein

82
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The continuation of the sciatic vein can be seen between the ____________ and the ____________.

A

iliofibularis, semimembranosus

83
Q

Which vein drains the shank and pes?

A

sciatic vein

84
Q

TRUE or FALSE:
Arteries are usually found dorsal to the venous system.

85
Q

Complete the sentence below:
All arteries carry oxygenated blood except the _______________.

A

pulmocutaneous artery

86
Q

Identify the 3 branches of the truncus arteriosus.

A
  • common carotid artery
  • systemic arch
  • pulmocutaneous artery
87
Q

Are the 2 divisions of the common carotid artery.

A
  • external carotid artery
  • internal carotid artery
88
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The internal carotid artery is identifiable by the presence of the _______________.

A

carotid body

89
Q

The systemic arch passes dorsally and laterally, sending smaller arteries to which structures?

A
  • larynx
  • (dorsal side of the) esophagus
  • orbit
  • nose
  • vertebral column
90
Q

Which artery supplies blood to the jaw muscles?

A

systemic arch

91
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The _______________ will branch off laterally from the systemic artery and will continue as the _______________ in the forelimb.

A

subclavian artery, brachial artery

92
Q

Identify the 2 branches of the pulmocutaneous artery.

A
  • pulmonary artery
  • cutaneous artery
93
Q

Which artery branches laterally off the pulmocutaneous artery?

A

cutaneous artery

94
Q

Complete the sentence below:
The systemic arteries unite medially to form the _____________.

A

dorsal aorta

95
Q

Are the 2 branches of the coeliacomesenteric artery.

A
  • coeliac artery
  • anterior mesenteric artery
96
Q

Are the 3 branches of the coeliac artery.

A
  • gastric artery
  • hepatic artery
  • pancreatic artery
97
Q

Are the 2 branches of the anterior mesenteric artery.

A
  • intestinal artery
  • splenic artery
98
Q

Which artery supplies the large intestine?

A

posterior mesenteric artery

99
Q

Are the 2 branches of the common iliac artery.

A
  • femoral artery
  • sciatic artery
100
Q

Which artery supplies the skin and muscles of the anterior thigh?

A

femoral artery

101
Q

Which artery supplies the shank and pes?

A

sciatic artery

102
Q

Identify the pathway of blood from the sciatic vein to the artery.

A

sciatic vein -> renal portal vein -> renal veins -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> common iliac artery -> sciatic artery

103
Q

Identify the pathway of blood from the femoral vein to the artery.

A

femoral vein -> renal portal vein -> renal veins -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> common iliac artery -> femoral artery

104
Q

Identify the pathway of blood from the gastric vein to the artery.

A

gastric vein -> hepatic portal vein -> hepatic vein -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> coeliac artery -> gastric artery

105
Q

Identify the pathway of blood from the pancreatic vein to the artery.

A

pancreatic vein -> hepatic portal vein -> hepatic vein -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> coeliac artery -> pancreatic artery

106
Q

Identify the pathway of blood from the splenic vein to the artery.

A

splenic vein -> hepatic portal vein -> hepatic veins -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> anterior mesenteric artery -> splenic artery

107
Q

Identify the pathway of blood from the renal veins to the arteries.

A

renal veins -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> renal arteries

108
Q

Identify the pathway of blood from the intestinal vein to the artery.

A

intestinal vein -> hepatic portal vein -> hepatic vein -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> anterior mesenteric artery -> intestinal artery

109
Q

Identify the pathway of blood from the hepatic vein to the artery.

A

hepatic vein -> posterior vena cava -> heart -> truncus arteriosus -> systemic arch -> dorsal aorta -> coeliacomesenteric artery -> coeliac artery -> hepatic artery

110
Q

Identify the branches of the common iliac artery.

A
  • sciatic artery
  • femoral artery

Bio 11.1 [Zoology II] (5 decks)

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