Exercise 17: The Digestive System

Question 1

It i the type of digestive system characterized by the egestion of excretory wastes through the mouth.

Answer 1

incomplete digestive syste,

Question 2

It is found at the tapered anterior end of the fluke.

Answer 2

oral sucker

Question 3

It borders the mouth of the fluke.

Answer 3

oral sucker

Question 4

Complete the sentence below:
In the digestive system of the fluke, the esophagus branches into the _______________.

Answer 4

intestines

Question 5

Identify the general divisions of the digestive system of cockroaches.

Answer 5

• foregut
• midgut
• hindgut

Question 6

It refers to the largest part of the cockroach foregut.

Answer 6

crop

Question 7

It marks the anterior end of the cockroach foregut.

Answer 7

pharynx

Question 8

It marks the posterior end of the cockroach foregut.

Answer 8

gizzard

Question 9

Are tubular protrusions marking the anterior end of the cockroach midgut.

Answer 9

gastric ceca

Question 10

It marks the boundary of the midgut and hindgut of cockroaches.

Answer 10

malpighian tubules

Question 11

It marks the anterior end of the cockroach hindgut.

Answer 11

ileum

Question 12

It refers to the main length of the cockroach hindgut.

Answer 12

colon

Question 13

Identify the general divisions of the toad digestive system.

Answer 13

• digestive tract
• digestive glands

Question 14

Complete the sentence below:
The _______________ is where the food passes through, while the _______________ are outgrowths which secretes enzymes towards the tract via ducts.

Answer 14

digestive tract, digestive gland

Question 15

Complete the sentence below:
The _______________ is where the food passes through, while the _______________ are outgrowths which secretes enzymes towards the tract via ducts.

Answer 15

digestive tract, digestive glands

Question 16

It refers to the space within the mouth of toads.

Answer 16

buccal cavity

Question 17

It lines the maxillary arch of toads.

Answer 17

maxillary teeth

Question 18

Are paired openings at the roof of the buccal cavity.

Answer 18

internal nares (choanae)

Question 19

Are structures found posterior to the internal nares.

Answer 19

vomerine teeth

Question 20

Are median openings found at the posterior end of the buccal cavity.

Answer 20

• esophagus (dorsal)
• glottis (ventral)

Question 21

It refers to the space containing the visceral organs.

Answer 21

coelom

Question 22

It is the part of the coelom located at the chest and the abdomen.

Answer 22

pleuro-peritoneal cavity

Question 23

Complete the sentence below:
The _______________ contains the heart.

Answer 23

pericardial cavity

Question 24

It refers to the surface of the pleuro-peritoneal cavity.

Answer 24

peritoneum

Question 25

Identify the composition of the peritoneum.

Answer 25

* squamous epithelia * connective tissue

Question 26

It refers to the peritoneum lining the inner body wall.

Answer 26

parietal peritoneum

Question 27

It refers to the peritoneum lining the organs.

Answer 27

visceral peritoneum

Question 28

Are continuations of the peritoneum which suspend the organs in place.

Answer 28

mesenteries

Question 29

It refers to the double-membrane peritoneal derivative which holds visceral organs together.

Answer 29

omentum

Question 30

It serves as the passageway of ingested food to the stomach.

Answer 30

esophagus

Question 31

Refer to the anterior and posterior ends of the stomach.

Answer 31

* cardiac end (anterior) * pyloric end (posterior)

Question 32

Complete the sentence below: The medial surface of the stomach is the __________ curvature, while the lateral surface is the __________.

Answer 32

lesser, greater

Question 33

It marks the boundary of the stomach and the small intestine.

Answer 33

pyloric sphincter

Question 34

It refers to the dorsal mesentery that suspends the stomach at the cardiac end.

Answer 34

mesogaster

Question 35

It refers to the folds of the stomach wall.

Answer 35

rugae

Question 36

It is the structure where the chemical digestion and absorption is completed.

Answer 36

small intestine

Question 37

Identify the regions of the small intestine.

Answer 37

* duodenum (anterior; parallel to the stomach) * ileum (posterior

Question 38

It refers to the dorsal and highly vascularised mesentery which suspends the small intestine.

Answer 38

mesentery proper (mesenterium)

Question 39

It refers to the membrane stretching from the liver to the stomach and the duodenum.

Answer 39

gastrohepatoduodenal omentum (lesser omentum)

Question 40

It refers to the dorsal mesentery which suspends the large intestine and the spleen.

Answer 40

mesorectum

Question 41

It refers to the lymphatic organ located near the junction of the intestines.

Answer 41

spleen

Question 42

It refers to the lymphatic organ located near the junction of the small and large intestines.

Answer 42

spleen

Question 43

Identify the lobes of the liver.

Answer 43

* right * left anterior * left posterior

Question 44

It refers to the structure suspended between the right and left lobes of the liver.

Answer 44

gall bladder

Question 45

It refers to the structure suspended between the right and left lobes of the liver.

Answer 45

gall bladded

Question 46

It is an irregularly shaped, secretory organ embedded in the lesser omentum.

Answer 46

pancreas

Question 47

Are circular folds lining the small intestine.

Answer 47

valves of kerckring

Question 48

Are outgrowths lining the valves of kerckring.

Answer 48

villi

Question 49

It refers to the innermost layer of the small intestine.

Answer 49

mucosa

Question 50

Are cells lining the mucosa of the small intestine.

Answer 50

columnar epithelial cells

Question 51

Are cells interspersed among the columnar epithelia.

Answer 51

goblet cells

Question 52

It refers to the layer outer to the mucosa of the small intestine.

Answer 52

submucosa

Question 53

Complete the sentence below: The submucosa of the small intestine is composed of _______________.

Answer 53

loose connective tissue

Question 54

TRUE of FALSE: The submucosa of the small intestine follows the foldings of the villi.

Answer 54

True

Question 55

Are structures found within the submucosa of the small intestine.

Answer 55

* blood vessels * lymph spaces

Question 56

It refers the layer outer to the submucosa of the small intestine.

Answer 56

muscularis

Question 57

Identify the composition of the muscularis.

Answer 57

* stratum circulare (circular smooth muscle) * stratum longitudinale (longitudinal smooth muscle) [outer, thinner]

Question 58

It refers to the outermost layer of the small intestine.

Answer 58

serosa

Question 59

It is also referred to as the visceral peritoneum of the small intestine.

Answer 59

serosa

Question 60

Are structures found within the serosa of the small intestine.

Answer 60

* blood vessels * lymph spaces * nerves

Question 61

Are structures found within the serosa of the small intestine.

Answer 61

* blood vessels * lymph spaces * nerves

Question 62

It refers to the innermost layer of the stomach.

Answer 62

mucosa

Question 63

Identify the sublayers of the stomach.

Answer 63

* columnar epithelial layer [inner, thinner] * lamina propria (loose connective tissue)

Question 64

Are depressions found at the epithelial layer of the mucosa.

Answer 64

gastric pits

Question 65

TRUE or FALSE: The gastric pits are lined with columnar epithelial cells.

Answer 65

True

Question 66

TRUE or FALSE: The gastric glands and the connective tissues between them are found in the lamina propria.

Answer 66

True

Question 67

Are cells found at the neck of the gastric glands.

Answer 67

neck (Foveolar) cells

Question 68

Are cells found at the base of the fundus.

Answer 68

zymogenic cells

Question 69

Are cells found at the periphery of the fundus or between the zymogenic cells.

Answer 69

parietal cells

Question 70

It refers to the layer outer to the lamina propria.

Answer 70

muscularis mucosa

Question 71

Identify the composition of the muscularis mucosa.

Answer 71

* stratum circulare * stratum longitudinale

Question 72

Which layers follow the foldings of the rugae?

Answer 72

* muscularis mucosa * submucosa

Question 73

It refers to the layer outer to the muscularis mucosa.

Answer 73

submucosa

Question 74

It refers to the layer outer to the submucosa.

Answer 74

muscularis

Question 75

Identify the composition of the muscularis.

Answer 75

circular smooth muscle cells

Question 76

It refers to the layer outer to the muscularis of the stomach.

Answer 76

subserosa

Question 77

Identify the structures found within the subserosa.

Answer 77

* connective tissue * blood vessels * longitudinal smooth muscles

Question 78

It refers to the layer outer to the subserosa.

Answer 78

serosa

Question 79

Complete the sentence below: The corners of the polygonal liver lobules are marked by the ____________.

Answer 79

portal triads

Question 80

Are structures comprising the portal triads.

Answer 80

* bile duct * arteriole * venule

Question 81

TRUE or FALSE: Pigment granules are interspersed throughout the cross section of the liver.

Answer 81

True

Question 82

Complete the sentence below: The polygonal liver lobules are characterized by the presence of ____________ at the middle of each lobule.

Answer 82

central vein

Question 83

Are cells in the liver arranged in irregular clusters.

Answer 83

hepatocytes

Question 84

Are spaces between the irregular clusters of hepatocytes.

Answer 84

sinusoids

Question 85

Are cells lining the walls of bile ducts.

Answer 85

cuboidal epithelial cells

Question 86

TRUE or FALSE: Compared to bile ducts, arterioles and venules have more layers in their walls.

Answer 86

True