Exercise 17: The Digestive System Flashcards
It i the type of digestive system characterized by the egestion of excretory wastes through the mouth.
incomplete digestive syste,
It is found at the tapered anterior end of the fluke.
oral sucker
It borders the mouth of the fluke.
oral sucker
Complete the sentence below:
In the digestive system of the fluke, the esophagus branches into the _______________.
intestines
Identify the general divisions of the digestive system of cockroaches.
- foregut
- midgut
- hindgut
It refers to the largest part of the cockroach foregut.
crop
It marks the anterior end of the cockroach foregut.
pharynx
It marks the posterior end of the cockroach foregut.
gizzard
Are tubular protrusions marking the anterior end of the cockroach midgut.
gastric ceca
It marks the boundary of the midgut and hindgut of cockroaches.
malpighian tubules
It marks the anterior end of the cockroach hindgut.
ileum
It refers to the main length of the cockroach hindgut.
colon
Identify the general divisions of the toad digestive system.
- digestive tract
- digestive glands
Complete the sentence below:
The _______________ is where the food passes through, while the _______________ are outgrowths which secretes enzymes towards the tract via ducts.
digestive tract, digestive gland
Complete the sentence below:
The _______________ is where the food passes through, while the _______________ are outgrowths which secretes enzymes towards the tract via ducts.
digestive tract, digestive glands
It refers to the space within the mouth of toads.
buccal cavity
It lines the maxillary arch of toads.
maxillary teeth
Are paired openings at the roof of the buccal cavity.
internal nares (choanae)
Are structures found posterior to the internal nares.
vomerine teeth
Are median openings found at the posterior end of the buccal cavity.
- esophagus (dorsal)
- glottis (ventral)
It refers to the space containing the visceral organs.
coelom
It is the part of the coelom located at the chest and the abdomen.
pleuro-peritoneal cavity
Complete the sentence below:
The _______________ contains the heart.
pericardial cavity
It refers to the surface of the pleuro-peritoneal cavity.
peritoneum
Identify the composition of the peritoneum.
- squamous epithelia
- connective tissue
It refers to the peritoneum lining the inner body wall.
parietal peritoneum
It refers to the peritoneum lining the organs.
visceral peritoneum
Are continuations of the peritoneum which suspend the organs in place.
mesenteries
It refers to the double-membrane peritoneal derivative which holds visceral organs together.
omentum
It serves as the passageway of ingested food to the stomach.
esophagus
Refer to the anterior and posterior ends of the stomach.
- cardiac end (anterior)
- pyloric end (posterior)
Complete the sentence below:
The medial surface of the stomach is the __________ curvature, while the lateral surface is the __________.
lesser, greater
It marks the boundary of the stomach and the small intestine.
pyloric sphincter
It refers to the dorsal mesentery that suspends the stomach at the cardiac end.
mesogaster
It refers to the folds of the stomach wall.
rugae
It is the structure where the chemical digestion and absorption is completed.
small intestine
Identify the regions of the small intestine.
- duodenum (anterior; parallel to the stomach)
- ileum (posterior
It refers to the dorsal and highly vascularised mesentery which suspends the small intestine.
mesentery proper (mesenterium)
It refers to the membrane stretching from the liver to the stomach and the duodenum.
gastrohepatoduodenal omentum (lesser omentum)
It refers to the dorsal mesentery which suspends the large intestine and the spleen.
mesorectum
It refers to the lymphatic organ located near the junction of the intestines.
spleen
It refers to the lymphatic organ located near the junction of the small and large intestines.
spleen
Identify the lobes of the liver.
- right
- left anterior
- left posterior
It refers to the structure suspended between the right and left lobes of the liver.
gall bladder
It refers to the structure suspended between the right and left lobes of the liver.
gall bladded
It is an irregularly shaped, secretory organ embedded in the lesser omentum.
pancreas
Are circular folds lining the small intestine.
valves of kerckring
Are outgrowths lining the valves of kerckring.
villi
It refers to the innermost layer of the small intestine.
mucosa
Are cells lining the mucosa of the small intestine.
columnar epithelial cells
Are cells interspersed among the columnar epithelia.
goblet cells
It refers to the layer outer to the mucosa of the small intestine.
submucosa
Complete the sentence below:
The submucosa of the small intestine is composed of _______________.
loose connective tissue
TRUE of FALSE:
The submucosa of the small intestine follows the foldings of the villi.
True
Are structures found within the submucosa of the small intestine.
- blood vessels
- lymph spaces
It refers the layer outer to the submucosa of the small intestine.
muscularis
Identify the composition of the muscularis.
- stratum circulare (circular smooth muscle)
- stratum longitudinale (longitudinal smooth muscle) [outer, thinner]
It refers to the outermost layer of the small intestine.
serosa
It is also referred to as the visceral peritoneum of the small intestine.
serosa
Are structures found within the serosa of the small intestine.
- blood vessels
- lymph spaces
- nerves
Are structures found within the serosa of the small intestine.
- blood vessels
- lymph spaces
- nerves
It refers to the innermost layer of the stomach.
mucosa
Identify the sublayers of the stomach.
- columnar epithelial layer [inner, thinner]
- lamina propria (loose connective tissue)
Are depressions found at the epithelial layer of the mucosa.
gastric pits
TRUE or FALSE:
The gastric pits are lined with columnar epithelial cells.
True
TRUE or FALSE:
The gastric glands and the connective tissues between them are found in the lamina propria.
True
Are cells found at the neck of the gastric glands.
neck (Foveolar) cells
Are cells found at the base of the fundus.
zymogenic cells
Are cells found at the periphery of the fundus or between the zymogenic cells.
parietal cells
It refers to the layer outer to the lamina propria.
muscularis mucosa
Identify the composition of the muscularis mucosa.
- stratum circulare
- stratum longitudinale
Which layers follow the foldings of the rugae?
- muscularis mucosa
- submucosa
It refers to the layer outer to the muscularis mucosa.
submucosa
It refers to the layer outer to the submucosa.
muscularis
Identify the composition of the muscularis.
circular smooth muscle cells
It refers to the layer outer to the muscularis of the stomach.
subserosa
Identify the structures found within the subserosa.
- connective tissue
- blood vessels
- longitudinal smooth muscles
It refers to the layer outer to the subserosa.
serosa
Complete the sentence below:
The corners of the polygonal liver lobules are marked by the ____________.
portal triads
Are structures comprising the portal triads.
- bile duct
- arteriole
- venule
TRUE or FALSE:
Pigment granules are interspersed throughout the cross section of the liver.
True
Complete the sentence below:
The polygonal liver lobules are characterized by the presence of ____________ at the middle of each lobule.
central vein
Are cells in the liver arranged in irregular clusters.
hepatocytes
Are spaces between the irregular clusters of hepatocytes.
sinusoids
Are cells lining the walls of bile ducts.
cuboidal epithelial cells
TRUE or FALSE:
Compared to bile ducts, arterioles and venules have more layers in their walls.
True