Exercise 18: The Respiratory System

Question 1

Enumerate the 4 types of respiratory organs.

Answer 1

• lungs
• tracheary system
• gills
• integument

Question 2

Identify the 4 conditions for efficient gas exchange.

Answer 2

• high surface area
• high permeability
• contact with oxygen-rich medium
• exposure to blood circulation or tissues

Question 3

Identify the characteristics of animals which breathe through simple gas diffusion.

Answer 3

• thin, permeable, and highly vascularized integument
• high body volume to surface area ratio

Question 4

Complete the sentence below:
The tracheal system is derived from the _______________.

Answer 4

invaginations of the integument

Question 5

Identify a specimen which possesses a tracheary system.

Answer 5

Pediculus humanis capitis (human head louse)

Question 6

Are openings of the tracheary system.

Answer 6

spiracles

Question 7

Are the tubes connected to the spiracles.

Answer 7

trachea

Question 8

Are the largest tracheae which run longitudinally at the sides of the animal.

Answer 8

tracheal trunks

Question 9

Are in direct contact with the tissues.

Answer 9

tracheoles

Question 10

It is a bony flap found anterior to the pectoral fins which protects the gills.

Answer 10

operculum

Question 11

It is a chamber continuous with the buccal cavity.

Answer 11

gill chamber

Question 12

Are thin, elongated extensions of the gills.

Answer 12

gill filaments

Question 13

It is where the gill filaments are attached.

Answer 13

gill arches

Question 14

TRUE or FALSE:
The gill filaments house dense networks of capillaries.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Are spaces between the gill arches.

Answer 15

pharyngeal clefts

Question 16

Are found on the inner surface of the gill arches.

Answer 16

gill rakers

Question 17

Complete the sentence below:
The lungs are derived from the _______________.

Answer 17

inner walls of the digestive tract

Question 18

Are paired anterior openings on the roof of the buccal cavity.

Answer 18

internal nares (choanae)

Question 19

Where are the Eustachian tube openings located?

Answer 19

angles of the jaw

Question 20

Are slit-like openings found ventral to the Eustachian tube openings.

Answer 20

openings to the vocal sacs

Question 21

It is a slit-like opening on the ventral midline of the buccal cavity.

Answer 21

glottis

Question 22

Identify the 2 cartilages surrounding the glottis.

Answer 22

• arytenoids
• cricoid

Question 23

Are paired thin flaps of connective tissue housed by the larynx.

Answer 23

vocal cords

Question 24

TRUE or FALSE:
Each vocal cord is associated with an arytenoid cartilage.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

It creates the sound of the animal through vibrations caused by the passage of air through the larynx.

Answer 25

vocal cords

Question 26

It connects the larynx to the lungs.

Answer 26

bronchial tubes

Question 27

It is found at the antero-lateral end of the pleuro-peritoneal cavity, dorsal to the liver.

Answer 27

lungs

Question 28

How many pairs of gill arches are present in bony fishes?

Answer 28

4

Question 29

Identify the functions of gill rakers.

Answer 29

• prevent external debris from entering the body cavity
• aid in food gathering

Question 30

Complete the sentence below:
Frogs force air into the lungs via ____________ pressure.

Answer 30

positive

Question 31

Complete the sentence below:
Mammals force air into the lungs via ____________ pressure.

Answer 31

negative

Question 32

Which structure forces air into the lungs of frogs?

Answer 32

floor of the mouth

Question 33

Which structure forces air into the lungs of mammals?

Answer 33

diaphragm