Exemplify 5

Question 1

what type of aneursym is this?

Answer 1

Dissecting aneurysm: An aneurysm in which the wall of an artery rips (dissects) longitudinally. This occurs because bleeding into the weakened wall splits the wall. Dissecting aneurysms tend to affect the thoracic aorta. They are a particular danger in Marfan syndrome.

Question 2

an uncomplicated atherosclertic plaque is unliekly to contain

Answer 2

free reb blood vessels

Question 3

with leriche sydnrome where does the pt classcialy feel pain and discomfort

Question 4

leriches syndrome

Answer 4

or aortioiliac occlusive disease occurs as a result of atherosclerosis int he abdominal aorta and common iliac arteries. Resulting arterial insuffiecny classcialy causes cxlaudicarion in the buttocks and thighs, absent or decreased femoral pulses and erectile dysfunction

Question 5

what other condition can occur as a direct result of atherosclerosis?

• cholesteatoma
• DVT
• Fatty liver
• glaucoma
• impotence

Answer 5

impotence

Question 7

carotid bruit

Question 8

which of the following conditions (bar IHD) can be secondary to cornary artery tatherosclerosis?

• cirrhosis
• colitis
• nephritis
• pancreatitis
• thrombophelbitis

Question 9

which types of blood vesels are effecte dby atherosclerosis

Answer 9

elastic arteries and musuclar arteries

IT DOES NOT AFFECT VEINS OR VENULES

Question 10

give an example of metaplasia

Answer 10

Barrets oesophagus

is a condition in which the lining of the esophagus changes, becoming more like the lining of the small intestine rather than the esophagus. This occurs in the area where the esophagus is joined to the stomach.

due to chronic acid reflux

Question 11

glandular epithelium in the oesophagus of pats with a hiatus hernia

Answer 11

Barrets oesophagus

Question 12

Barrets oesophagus

Question 13

a man develops paina nd swelling just neanreth his jaw ont he right side during mealtimes. A CT scan demonstraes a stone in the duct of the right submandibular gland- pt refuses treatment. What is most likely to occur

Answer 13

hypetrophy of the muscle to try and push the stone out

Question 14

pt has taken predinsone for a year to ensure she doesnt have an athma attack. WHat changes are likely to be seen int he womens adrenal glands

Answer 14

atrophy

Question 15

tamoxifen (anti oestrogenic in the breast) is associated with

Answer 15

hyperplasia of the endometrial flands.

Question 16

common causes of left ventricular hypertrophy

Answer 16

high blood pressure, valvular stenosis, athelete training, myopathy

Question 17

when the environment changes, cells may need to aadapt in order to survive. Which one of the following is an adaptive response?

Question 18

which two conditions do not generally predispose to neoplasia?

Question 19

mitral valve stenosis can cause

Answer 19

left atrial hypertrophy