Examplify Flashcards
a patient presents with sigs of a chest infection and is coughing yellow sputum. You do not want to delay treatment. Which test will give you the best microbiological answer within the next 6 hours to help you choose the most appropriate Abx
gram stain sputum
doesn’t provide a specific organism but can make a good assumption
a 78yr old women presents to ~ED with a fever and acute confusion. Sepsis is suspected and the appropriate sepsis bundle initiated. With regards to sepsis this is….
identified doom observations and clinical features
between which vertebrae is a lumbar puncture performed?
L3/L4
which immune cells express the bacterial peptides pn MHC class II molecules
dendritic cells
what sort of bacteria does gentamicin work against?
gram negative
marker of muscle damage
creatine kinase
a 21 year old is admitted unconscious after attending a club. According to his friends he had taken ecstasy. The attached liver section shows features of
coagulative necrosis
carbon monoxide causes which type of hypoxia
histotoxic
what will occur to cells affected by the infarcation
influx of sodium and calicum
what will serum levels of calcium and phosphate be like in a pt with a calcified aortic valve
normal serum conc
heat shock proteins are present in
low concentrations in unstressed cells
the histology report describes the presence of Mallory’s hyaline within the hepatocytes. With which condition is this finding associated?
alcohol liver disease
what characteristic of clostridium allows it to survive outside of the host for long periods
spore formation
what type of bacteria is c.difficile
anaerobic bacteria
what antibiotic is prescribed for clostridium difficile infection
metronidazole
metronidazole is
active against anaerobic bacteria and also protozoan§
what is the recommended treatment for MRSA infection
vancomycin given intravenously
which cell is responsible for controlling HIV infection during the period where the pt remains clinically well
HIV specific CD8 T cell
Acute HIV infection is characterised by the following
a flu like illness with mild rash
how should you approach testing if a pt is HIV positive
use an opt-out approach following a discussion with the pt
type of viral structure of HIV
single stranded RNA
immunity against hep B is evidenced by the presence of adequate levels of
HbsAb
why is staphylococcus epidermis good at adhering to the central line
it prodxcues a layer of slime that facilities adherence to prosthetic material such as central lines or intravenous catheters
how and where is a murmur heard due to aortic stenosis
an ejection systolic murmur in the 2nd intercostal space on the right
how and where is tricuspid regurgitation (incompetence) heard
systolic murmur in the left lower sternal border
which mechanism of action of antibiotic is used to treat acute bacterial endocarditis
cell wall synthesis inhibitor
antibody produced after first exposure
IgM
antibody produced if virus has been previously encountered
IgG
where are prostaglandins produced and in response to what
in the cell membrane phospholipids in response to acute inflammation
which conditions are seen classically with alpha-1-antitrysin
emphysema and cirrhosis
what accumulates within a blister
serous exudate
in acute phase response of acute inflammation, which of the following proteins are produced by the liver in smaller amount than in the normal state
albumin
how does a neutrophil move from the blood to the infected tissue
chemotaxis, margination, diapedesis and phagocytosis
what occurs during acute inflammation
capillary hydrostatic pressure increases
which chemical mediator is available immediately at the site of injury
histamine
in which conditions is inflammation predominantly acute
lobar pneumonia
not
crohns, RA< sarcoidosis, TB (chronic)
