Examplify

Question 1

a patient presents with sigs of a chest infection and is coughing yellow sputum. You do not want to delay treatment. Which test will give you the best microbiological answer within the next 6 hours to help you choose the most appropriate Abx

Answer 1

gram stain sputum

doesn’t provide a specific organism but can make a good assumption

Question 2

a 78yr old women presents to ~ED with a fever and acute confusion. Sepsis is suspected and the appropriate sepsis bundle initiated. With regards to sepsis this is….

Answer 2

identified doom observations and clinical features

Question 3

between which vertebrae is a lumbar puncture performed?

Answer 3

L3/L4

Question 4

which immune cells express the bacterial peptides pn MHC class II molecules

Answer 4

dendritic cells

Question 5

what sort of bacteria does gentamicin work against?

Answer 5

gram negative

Question 6

marker of muscle damage

Answer 6

creatine kinase

Question 7

a 21 year old is admitted unconscious after attending a club. According to his friends he had taken ecstasy. The attached liver section shows features of

Answer 7

coagulative necrosis

Question 8

carbon monoxide causes which type of hypoxia

Answer 8

histotoxic

Question 9

what will occur to cells affected by the infarcation

Answer 9

influx of sodium and calicum

Question 10

what will serum levels of calcium and phosphate be like in a pt with a calcified aortic valve

Answer 10

normal serum conc

Question 11

heat shock proteins are present in

Answer 11

low concentrations in unstressed cells

Question 12

the histology report describes the presence of Mallory’s hyaline within the hepatocytes. With which condition is this finding associated?

Answer 12

alcohol liver disease

Question 13

what characteristic of clostridium allows it to survive outside of the host for long periods

Answer 13

spore formation

Question 14

what type of bacteria is c.difficile

Answer 14

anaerobic bacteria

Question 15

what antibiotic is prescribed for clostridium difficile infection

Answer 15

metronidazole

Question 16

metronidazole is

Answer 16

active against anaerobic bacteria and also protozoan§

Question 17

what is the recommended treatment for MRSA infection

Answer 17

vancomycin given intravenously

Question 18

which cell is responsible for controlling HIV infection during the period where the pt remains clinically well

Answer 18

HIV specific CD8 T cell

Question 19

Acute HIV infection is characterised by the following

Answer 19

a flu like illness with mild rash

Question 20

how should you approach testing if a pt is HIV positive

Answer 20

use an opt-out approach following a discussion with the pt

Question 21

type of viral structure of HIV

Answer 21

single stranded RNA

Question 22

immunity against hep B is evidenced by the presence of adequate levels of

Answer 22

HbsAb

Question 23

why is staphylococcus epidermis good at adhering to the central line

Answer 23

it prodxcues a layer of slime that facilities adherence to prosthetic material such as central lines or intravenous catheters

Question 24

how and where is a murmur heard due to aortic stenosis

Answer 24

an ejection systolic murmur in the 2nd intercostal space on the right

Question 25

how and where is tricuspid regurgitation (incompetence) heard

Answer 25

systolic murmur in the left lower sternal border

Question 26

which mechanism of action of antibiotic is used to treat acute bacterial endocarditis

Answer 26

cell wall synthesis inhibitor

Question 27

antibody produced after first exposure

Answer 27

IgM

Question 28

antibody produced if virus has been previously encountered

Answer 28

IgG

Question 29

where are prostaglandins produced and in response to what

Answer 29

in the cell membrane phospholipids in response to acute inflammation

Question 30

which conditions are seen classically with alpha-1-antitrysin

Answer 30

emphysema and cirrhosis

Question 31

what accumulates within a blister

Answer 31

serous exudate

Question 32

in acute phase response of acute inflammation, which of the following proteins are produced by the liver in smaller amount than in the normal state

Answer 32

albumin

Question 33

how does a neutrophil move from the blood to the infected tissue

Answer 33

chemotaxis, margination, diapedesis and phagocytosis

Question 34

what occurs during acute inflammation

Answer 34

capillary hydrostatic pressure increases

Question 35

which chemical mediator is available immediately at the site of injury

Answer 35

histamine

Question 36

in which conditions is inflammation predominantly acute

Answer 36

lobar pneumonia

not
crohns, RA< sarcoidosis, TB (chronic)