Executive Branch - Scriven Flashcards

Question

Politics of articulation

Answer 1

The president that follow this believe in the regime and to to expand/develop e.g Johnson’s segregation

Answer 2

After a number of years in the regime comes under question and begins to be challenged- a president is elected who seeks to replace it but the regime is still strong enough to survive

Answer 3

Popular support for the regime is crumbling- presidents here support the old regime but represent the end of iT – they are disjunctive(weak presidents)

Answer 4

A presidents power can be explained by their position within political time and their affiliation towards the regime

Answer 5

‘The power of the president is the power to persuade’ Electorate - charisma Us media Congress - political bargaining Own administration World leaders - political bargaining

Answer 6

Crusaders- conviction politicians with reforming agenda/ vision e.g wWoodrow Wilson, Richard Nixon, barrack Obama Pragmatists- political realists who adjust to changing events/ circumstances e.g JFK, Lyndon Johnson, bill Bill Clinton Pragmatists are more likely to succeed than crusaders also those who focus on foreign policy above domestic policy

Answer 7

The system had worked- the president had been held accountable to the law The transfer of power had been smooth Watergate also caused a widespread distrust of government and the attitude that all politicians are the same Gerald Ford- ‘our constitution works’ Constitutional defence theory – ‘overshoot and collapse’

Answer 8

Using of government agencies to support his election campaign- FBI and CIA used to spy on political opponents Abused constitutional rights of U.S. citizens- bogging and wiretapping and hacking personal info Conspiracy to burgle- authorised break in at the headquarters of Democrat party(Watergate building) Perverting the Court of Justice - hush money used to pay the witnesses Pursuing a secret foreign policy use of palm in Vietnam Bombing Loas and Cambodia Perverting the course of justice - claiming executive privilege when asked by Congress and Supreme Court to hand over the tapes

Answer 9

The PM in the UK or president in the USA faces cheques on the power they hold from other parts of the political system or internal and external factors during their time in office

Answer 10

The PM UK or president in the USA is the dominant influence within the political system and faces very limited cheques to the power they hold

Answer 11

Constitution imposes A 2 term limit Nixon forced to resign or face impeachment Response to Watergate (war powers act) By the constitution - Bill of Rights and checks and balances High likelihood of a president facing divided government Judicial review e.g Muslim travel ban Reserved powers of Congress/ control of purse Congress must approve appointments and ratified treaties ‘advise and consent powers’ 1989 Senate rejected John tower, reagan's choice for defence - 1919 Senate refused to ratify TOV Government shutdown - Obama 2003 budget Impeachment threat forced Nixon to resign Federalism- key powers held by individual stateS- policing, schools etc

Answer 12

Executive orders and executive agreements The imperial presidency 1933 to 74 Appointment power to Supreme Court can alter ideological composition Commander in chief of army Doesn't face rivals in cabinet Informal powers Extensive support from EXOP Reagan and Iran Contra Since 1973 all presidents have broken war powers act Failed impeachment Clinton 1998 and trump x2 2020

Answer 13

In the UK parliament is soveriegn Boris Johnson removed from office by his own party Pms never the important of party unity for their electoral prospects Can be stalked by big beast for leadership E.g Blair/brown Coalition agreement- cameron had to appoint lib dem to cabinet Can face civil service resistance Coalition/ minority government/ supply and confidence Damage of high profile ministerial resignations – Blair =cook/short Faces official opposition party in parliament James Callaghan- Commons vote of no confidence forced labour into a general election they lost Liaison committee- PM has appeared before annually since 2002 Need to maintain support of party- Thatcher and Johnson lose support of own party Need to maintain media and public support E.g Boris and party gate Scrutiny under estimated PM not head of state the monarch is Ultra vires – bulger case Devolved govt - different lock down rules in different parts of uk

Answer 14

No term limits Blair as PM did not lose a vote in the House of Commons due to huge majority Patronage powers- PM can promote BB into government and senior colleagues into cabinet Relative weakness of parliamentary scrutiny E.g PMQ and committees Large majorities in Chile PMS from big beast rebellions (Blair and anti terror legislation) Control of cabinet- chairs meetings and sets agenda Ease of change through statute law- House of Lords Reform Act and devolution, constitutional Reform Act 2005 House of Commons is adviserial Increasing presidential style of PM- more bilateral meetings Party MP's elected on party manifesto and highly likely to back this in parliament

Answer 15

Passed in response to the investigations into Watergate and gulf of Tonkin - congresses blank cheque to Lyndon Johnson over Vietnam - Nixon secret bombing campaigns against Cambodia and loas President must notify Congress within 48 hours of committing armed forces to military action Armed forces can only remain deployed abroad for 60 days By day 60 the president must have gained congressional approval for them to remain If approval not grantEd they have 30 days to organise withdrawal of U.S. troops The resolution was passed by 2/3 overriding the veto of Richard Nixon

Answer 16

Clinton - Somalia, Iraq, Bosnia, Kosovo, Haiti, Yugoslavia W bush - Iraq, Afghanistan Obama - Libya, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan Trump - Iraq, Afghanistan, Yemen, Iran

Answer 17

All presidents have gone on record to say it's unconstitutional Congress claimed the right under the necessary and proper clause Presidents claim interferes with their power as commander in chief Breach of separation of powers? Congress have never challenged presidential breaches of the war powers act through the Supreme Court - fear they will declare the law unconstitutional

Answer 18

1- Presiding officer of the Senate Votes in Senate deadlocks Cheney voted to protect Bush’s 1.6 billion tax cut Kamala Harris- biden's vice president 2020 Senate elections- Senate was divided 50/50 American rescue plan passed due to Harris Most use of the tiebreak vote in their first year=15 Most tie breaking votes in a single day=4 Most high breaking votes buying vice president ever=31 2- Announces Electoral College result January 2001 al gore announces his own defeat First time president had to announce his defeat since Nixon 1961 Go rejected 20 objections from 14 Democrat House members Most democratic members of the congressional Black Caucus challenged the result from Florida 3- first in line of succession If president dies resigns or is removed from office Has happened 9 times - 8 deaths 1 resignation Bush and Biden were both vice president who went on to become president in his own right 4- acting president 25th amendment Cheney was president for 2h while bush was sedated 2002/2021 - bush and Biden Not invoked when Reagan was shot in 1981 - George h bush

Answer 19

The cabinet is handpicked by the president and he can choose anyone- they are more experienced than UK cabinets e.g Steven chu energy secretary has a Nobel Prize in physics (Obama) Obama said he wanted to create a team of rivals to give him critical advise e.g Hillary Clinton/ Robert gate who was in Bush's cabinet as defence secretary Cabinet reshuffles - 2014 Catherine sibelius resigned as health secretary after the disastrous rollout of obama care Clinton said he wanted a cabinet which looked like America

Answer 20

Most cabinet positions are tough short lived and not particularly prestigious E.g e Eric schmidt chairman of Google turn down Obama's offer of Treasury Secretary Unlike UK cabinet there is no doctrine of collective responsibility- not united by party loyalty or shared ideology The president's main source of advice is the EXOP they have greater proximity to the president and will provide him with daily advice this can lead to cabinet secretaries being left out the loop EG Colin Powell Secretary of State Presidency their cabinet on average 6 times per year but they tend to have fewer as their agenda moves to foreign policy and their legislative success becomes less likely

Answer 21

Not restricted to 2-term limit Have more power over devolution Large majorities means legislation can be passed easily Far fewer cheques and balances/ separation of powers Easier to pass legislation Unified government Congress can refuse presidential budget/ refused project funding PM can dissolve parliament and control the day of general election

Answer 22

Can appoint anyone to cabinet Not first among equals they're just first Head of state Informal powers like executive orders/ agreements Veto Impeachment has proved impossible EXOP is well resourced Personal advisors – NSA Bigger country = bigger resources Chief of the largest military in the world