Execratory system Flashcards
what are the dimensions of kidney
length:10cm
W: 5-7cm
T: 2-3cm
what is ammoniotelism
animals that secrete ammonia as waste. mostly in aquatic animals
what is Ureotelism
mammals that convert ammonia into urea and excrete it.
what is uricotelism
animals that convert urea to potassium urate then secreted in form of uric acid. in reptiles all birds snails.
4 main parts of excretory system
- Kidneys
- Urethers
- Urinarry bladder
- Uretha(guarded by a sphincter)
parts of a nephron
- Renal artery —> afferent arteriole
- glomerulus
- bowman’s capsule
- efferent arteriole
- PCT
- Loop of henle
- DCT
- Collecting duct
what are the two types of nephrons?
1) juxtamedullary nephrons: they have long loops of henle that might extend into medulla, less in number
2) Cortical nephrons: more in number, short loop of henle
what if the optimal GFR
125ml/min
what is JGA and its function
located near the glomerulus. regulates GFR and releases rennin if the GFR level goes down.
how does myogenic mechanism regulate GFR.
Myogenic mechanism regulates GFR by contracting the afferent arteriole when theres excess blood flow.
what is the use of PCT
pct plays a role in reabsorption of glucose,amino acids salts.
role of loop of henle
maintaining the osmotic level of the filtrate
role of DCT
connects to the collecting duct, regulates the final PH level,salt level glucose level of blood.
what is ADH
anti diuretic hormone controls the amount of water in the urine by affecting the permeability of DCT
what is glycosuria
when there is excess glucose present in the urine. this happens in diabetes mellitus patients who lack insulin,
