bio molecules

Question 1

what are carbohydrates and their uses.

Answer 1

Carbohydrates are compounds made of Carbon, oxygen,hydrogen. they procid energy for the body and plants product. they make 80% of a plant.

Question 2

Monosaccharides examples and uses

Answer 2

Glucose, fructose galactose. help in formation of DNA and RNA eg ribose and deoxyribose. they are formed in photosynthesis and used in respiration.

Question 3

Disaccharides examples and uses

Answer 3

Lactose, maltose, Sucrose. made up of glycolic bonds

Question 4

what are polysaccharides and their examples

Answer 4

polysaccharides are combines monosaccharides by glycolic bonds. Cellulose(long chain)
starch(Amylose straight amylopectin branched chain)
glycogen(highly branched chain) insulin or chittin(long chain)

Question 5

what is cellulose and its structure

Answer 5

cellulose is long chained. its important for digestion in humans in forming the roughage. although it cannot be digested by us. its important in plants for structure.

Question 6

Use and location of starch mention strcuture

Answer 6

starch is has 2 Amylose straight chain and amylopectin branched chain in plants chloroplast. source of food in plants and product of photosynthesis. store of energy.

Question 7

use and location of glycogen

Answer 7

glycogen is highly branched and is a source of energy in animals stored in liver and muscles.

Question 8

chittin location use and structure

Answer 8

chittin of long chain present in exoskeleton of insects. helps retain water and provides energy.

Question 9

different between saturated fatty acids and unsaturated

and what is wax

Answer 9

unsaturated good for body present in olive oil, low temprature melting

staturared group bad for health has less bonds and high temperature causes chlolestrol

wax is esters of long fatty acid chains present on skin as layer.

Question 10

what is structure of simple fatty acid

Answer 10

A fatty acid has a carboxyl group(COOH) attached to the R group with Methyl

Question 11

importance of cholesterol

Answer 11

cholesterol is said to be not that bad leaving aside the fact it can accumulate in the arteries

• Cholesterol is used for synthesize for vitamin D by UV light
• bile salts are modified cholesterol
• A form it is used to from lipo protein to fight off bacterial diseases.

Question 12

function of lipids

Answer 12

fat is used as storage in plants and animals, used as a source of energy, protects organs in humans.
Oils are used in cooking
Waxes act as a waterproof layer on plants and animals

Question 13

what are steroids and their uses

Answer 13

steroids are composed of fused hydrocarbons rings and long hydrocarbon chains eg cholesterol.
cholesterol is a precursor molecule of many sex hormones like testosterone estrogen and cortisol

Question 14

structure of proteins

Answer 14

proteins have around 21 types of amino acids. they have a acidic carboxylic group and one basic amino group.

Question 15

what are enzymes

Answer 15

enzymes work by lowering the activation energy and giving the product easier.

Question 16

what is prosthetic group

Answer 16

group where the enzyme is tightly bound to apoenzyme(the proteins part of enzyme)

Question 17

what is co enzyme

Answer 17

co enzyme loosely bound enzyme like NADP

Question 18

What are inorganic metal ions

Answer 18

enzyme activators that have a coordinate bond.

Question 19

what is primary protein structure

Answer 19

simple structure referring to the positional information of a amino acid

Question 20

what is secondary protein structure

Answer 20

longer linear polypeptide links with bents. giant molecule ex: keratin

Question 21

what is tertiary structure

Answer 21

3D structure of polypeptide chain containing heme in the middle the function of a protein depends on this. example egg albumin

Question 22

what is quaternary structure

Answer 22

4 chains of polypeptide like haemoglobin.