photosynthesis

Question 1

what are the pigments in photosynthesis

Answer 1

1. chlorophyll A & B
2. carotenoids(orange)
3. xanthophylls(yellow)

Question 2

absorption of ps1 and ps2

Answer 2

ps 1 is 700nm and ps2 is 680nm

Question 3

where is ps2 located?

Answer 3

the inner side of the thylakoid membrane

Question 4

what is formed from photolysis of water

Answer 4

H+ o2 4e-

Question 5

what is photophosphorylation and where does it happen

Answer 5

conversion of ADP to ATP and happens in stroma lamella

Question 6

what is action and absorption spectrum

Answer 6

action spectrum is the graph that shows the actual rate of photosynthesis. graph of the amount of light of different wavelengths absorbed by a pigment.

Question 7

what happens in light reaction

Answer 7

light from the sun is used to split water. the Hydrogen produced is brought to the NADPH2 which are used to reduce CO2 in the dark reaction. O2 is the byproduct of this.

Question 8

what happens in dark synthesis reaction

Answer 8

Hydron from the NADPH2 and CO2 are absorbed to make carbohydrates and ATP is used.

Question 9

what is the net product of non cyclic and cyclic photophosphorylation

Answer 9

NADPH2, oxygen and ATP molecules

oxygen is given out as “Waste”. in cyclic on ATP is produced

Question 10

what is non cylic photopohsphrylation

Answer 10

When the two systems PS1 AND PS2 work together to produce atp. it occurs in stroma lamella because of constant flow of electrons

Question 11

why is it important to have a proton gradient

Answer 11

the breakdown of the gradient releases energy. the gradient helps in the proton pump and synthesis of ATP.

Question 12

what is acceptor of C3/Calvin cycle

Answer 12

5 carbon RubiloseBisphosphate(RUBP)

Question 13

what is carboxylation in C3

Answer 13

In addition of fixation of CO2 by RUBP the product is a 6C intermediate compound then its a

Question 14

what is Glycolytic reversal

Answer 14

reduction of PGA by using ATP and NADPH to 1,3 diphosphogylceric. Also first carbohydrate is formed PGAL, Glyceraldehyde.

Question 15

how is RUBP regenerated in the stage

Answer 15

the glyceraldehyde phosphate goes under certain reactions with 5 molecules and 3 molecules of ATP to from RUBP. the one molecule of the 3c sugar is used to form glucose. for making one molecule of glucose it requires 6 turns.

Question 16

explain the whole calvic cycle

Answer 16

so first the CO2 from atmosphere is accepted by RUBP then converted to PGA, then reduction reaction happens using ATP and NADPH to Triose phosphate the first carbohydrate. then the regeneration raction happens by using 8 molecules of ATP and some of the PGAL to form RUBP.

Question 17

what are C4 plants

Answer 17

C4 plants are tropical plants that have a 4 carbon(oxaloacetic acid) as there acceptor they have kransz anatomy.

Question 18

how does C4 cycle take place

Answer 18

first the CO2 is accepted in the mesophyll cells by PEP phosphenoel pyruvate coverted to oxaloacetic acid. this is converted to malic acid then transported to the bundle sheath cells. then its converted into pyruvic and CO2 released this enters into the C3 cycle

Question 19

what is photorespiration and what isits usefull role

Answer 19

a process where plants take up oxygen and give out CO2 and theres a waste of ATP AND NADPH2. it can protect plants against photooxidaiton damage where theres high light and low co2

Question 20

explain the process of photorespiration

Answer 20

RUBP absorbs the O2 and forms phosphoglycolate which is made into glycolate this goes into the peroxisome, then to from glycine this goes into the mitochondria to add another Glycine which gives out CO2 to from serine this serine goes back to the chloroplast with the help of NADPH and becomes Glycerate.