excretory system & metabolism Flashcards
6 functions of the kidney
Ion balance, Osmotic balance, blood pressure, pH balance, excretion, hormone production
Nephron
the functional unit of the kidney
where does blood enter glomerulus from
branch of renal artery
what does not pass through glomerulus
proteins
4 processes involved in urine formation
Filtration
Reabsorption (urine -> blood)
Secretion (blood -> urine)
Excretion
reabsorption
Recovery of substances from the lumen of the tubule (urine -> blood)
Most molecules are reabsorbed through a combination of facilitated diffusion and active transport
Secretion
transferring solutes from the blood into the
tubule lumen.
Uses transporters found in the cells that line the lumen
Most important secretory products are K+, NH4+, and H+
where does filtration occur
glomerulus
main hormones involved in excretion
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), Aldosterone
Anabolism
metabolic reactions that build up and require
energy(= endothermic reactions)
Example-developing muscle
Catabolism
metabolic reactions that break down and
release energy(= exothermic reactions).
Example- glycolysis
cellular respiration
the breakdown of nutrients to carbon dioxide and water
3 types of carbohydrates
monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides
where is unused glucoses stored
liver and muscle. stored as glycogen
main component of plant material
carbohydrates
can carbohydrates be broken down in the rumen/caecum?
yes
end products of carbohydrate fermentation
VFA (volatile fatty acids) absorbed and used for energy
end products of fat digestion
monoglycerides and free fatty acids, both are absorbable units of fat
where are triglycerides stored
adipose tissue
are proteins more or less effective as an energy source
less. they are needed for other functions
do enzymes work intracellular or extracellular
both
enzymes prefer what type of enviornment
neutral pH and not too warm.
3 main sources for ATP
Glycogen, Glucose, Fatty acids
ATP consists of
adenosine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups
