Cell Biology

Question 1

Prokaryotic

Answer 1

No cell nucleus or any other
membrane-bound organelles. Only
unicellular organisms (Bacteria)

Question 2

Eukaryotic

Answer 2

Contain membrane bound organelles.
Can Specialize, Usually multi-cellular
organisms (Plant, Animals)

Question 3

5 major functions of a cell

Answer 3

Provide structure and support
Facilitate growth
Produce energy (feed or sun)
Create metabolic reactions
Reproduction

Question 4

Organic components of cells

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Amino Acids

Question 5

Proteins are most often used for

Answer 5

Building molecules, provide structure, Digestive molecules (enzymes), copy DNA/RNA, sending and receiving messages (hormones, nervous system)

Question 6

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 6

Protein synthesis per RNA instructions

Question 7

Purpose of Nucleous

Answer 7

Storing and copying DNA, Transferring information to ribosomes, Decides which proteins will be made, Information center/Brain of the cell

Question 8

Purpose of Cell (plasma) Membrane

Answer 8

Lipid double layer (and
carbohydrates), Provides Cell structure, Barrier between intracellular and extracellular fluid, Osmosis / Sodium (Na) potassium (K)
pump

Question 9

Membrane potential

Answer 9

Created by the Sodium (Na) potassium (K) pump: about – 70 mV

Question 10

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 10

Covering of all body surfaces, line body cavities and hollow organs, and are
the major tissue in glands

Question 11

Nervous Tissue

Answer 11

Responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities

Question 12

Four types of tissue

Answer 12

Epithelia, Nervous, Connective, Muscle

Question 13

Name the parts of a neuron

Answer 13

Dendrites, Nucleus, Soma, Axon, Myelin Sheath, Schwann Cell, Nerve Endings

Question 14

Muscle Tissue

Answer 14

Composed of cells that have the special ability to shorten or contract in order
to produce movement of body parts

Question 15

Connective tissue

Answer 15

Form a framework and support for organs and the body as a whole, store
fat, transport substances, protect against disease, and help repair tissue
damage

Question 16

Types of connective tissue

Answer 16

Blood, cartilage, Adipose tissue, bone, fibrous and loose connective tissue (tendons),

Question 17

What is the point of cellular respiration

Answer 17

to create ATP

Question 18

3 steps in cellular respiration

Answer 18

Glycolosis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 19

2 examples of negative feedback

Answer 19

temperature regulation, blood sugar regulation

Question 20

2 examples of positive feedback

Answer 20

lactation, childbirth

Question 21

Negative feedback loop definition

Answer 21

when the product of the reaction leads to a decrease in the reaction

Question 22

Positive feedback loop definition

Answer 22

when the product of the leads to an increase or change in the reaction

Question 23

Cytoplasm

Answer 23

medium for chemical reactions

Question 24

Nucleolus

Answer 24

Produce and assemble cell ribosomes

Question 25

Golgi complex

Answer 25

a factory in which proteins received from the ER are further processed and sorted for transport to their eventual destinations

Question 26

Endoplasmic Reticulum ER

Answer 26

Produce protein from the ribosomes it contains;

Question 27

Lysosomes

Answer 27

the digestive system of the cell, serving both to degrade material taken up from outside the cell and to digest obsolete components of the cell itself

Question 28

Mitochondria

Answer 28

oxidative phosphorylation, which generates ATP

Question 29

Chromatin

Answer 29

the entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes is referred to as chromatin