Digestion

Question 1

Main components of foods

Answer 1

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fat, Nucleic acids (DNA,RNA)

Question 2

Carbohydrate digestion

Answer 2

Oral–> polysaccharides broken down by salivary amylase into smaller polysaccharides
Small intestine –> pancreatic amylases break polysaccharides into disaccharides
Small intestines–> enzymes from intestinal epithelium break disaccharides into monosaccharides

Question 3

Protein digesiton

Answer 3

Stomach–>Pepsin breaks proteins into small polypeptides
Small intestines–>Pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin break small polypeptides into smaller polypeptides
Small intestines –> Pancreatic carboxypeptidase breaks smaller polypeptides into small peptides
Small intestines–>enzymes dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase & aminopeptidase breaks small peptides into amino acids

Question 4

Nucleic acid digestion

Answer 4

Small intestine–>pancreatic nucleases breaks DNA, RNA into nucleotides
Small intestine–>nucleotidases breaks nucleotides into nucleosides
Small intestines–> Nucleosidases and phosphatases break nucleosides into nitrogenous bases, sugars and phosphates

Question 5

Fat digestion

Answer 5

Small intestines–>Pancreatic lipase breaks Fat (triglycerides) into glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides

Question 6

purpose of saliva

Answer 6

lubrication (mucus)
Chemical digestion of polysaccharides (amylase)

Question 7

how are cells in stomach protected

Answer 7

-Produce mucus-bicarbonate layer
- Produce pepsinogen which is
activated into pepsin by H+
- Fast tissue turnover (cell division)

Question 8

small intestine consists of what 3 compartments (include explanation of compartment)

Answer 8

Duodenum-exit of pancreatic and gall bladder ducts
Function-enzymatic digestion
Jejunum-absorption
Ileum-absorption

Question 9

Pancreas creates

Answer 9

Bicarbonate-neutralise stomach acids
Enzymes-digestion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates

Question 10

Liver produces

Answer 10

Bile-stored in the gall bladder

Question 11

Gall Bladder function

Answer 11

digestion of fats

Question 12

Large intestine compartments and functions

Answer 12

colon - connected to small intestine
function- reabsorption of water making feces more solid
Cecum-connects to where small and large intestine meet
function-fermentation of plant material
Rectum function-Last storage of feces until eliminated via anus

Question 12

Large intestine compartments and functions

Answer 12

colon - connected to small intestine
function- reabsorption of water making feces more solid
Cecum-connects to where small and large intestine meet
function-fermentation of plant material
Rectum function-Last storage of feces until eliminated via anus

Question 13

Most nutrients are transported to…

Answer 13

Blood–>hepatic portal vein–>liver (detoxifies blood before entering body

Question 14

Lipids are transported via

Answer 14

lymphatic system (not blood)

Question 15

villus only located in

Answer 15

small intestine

Question 16

Teeth of carnivores

Answer 16

have large, pointed incisors and canines that can be used to kill prey and rip or cut away pieces of flesh. The jagged premolars and molars crush and shred food.

Question 17

Teeth of herbivores

Answer 17

have premolars and molars with broad, ridged surfaces that grind tough plant material. The incisors and canines are generally modified for biting off pieces of vegetation. In some herbivores, canines are absent

Question 18

Teeth of omnivores

Answer 18

From front to back along either side of the mouth are four bladelike incisors for biting, a pair of pointed canines for tearing, four premolars for grinding, and six molars for crushing