Digestion Flashcards
Main components of foods
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Fat, Nucleic acids (DNA,RNA)
Carbohydrate digestion
Oral–> polysaccharides broken down by salivary amylase into smaller polysaccharides
Small intestine –> pancreatic amylases break polysaccharides into disaccharides
Small intestines–> enzymes from intestinal epithelium break disaccharides into monosaccharides
Protein digesiton
Stomach–>Pepsin breaks proteins into small polypeptides
Small intestines–>Pancreatic trypsin and chymotrypsin break small polypeptides into smaller polypeptides
Small intestines –> Pancreatic carboxypeptidase breaks smaller polypeptides into small peptides
Small intestines–>enzymes dipeptidases, carboxypeptidase & aminopeptidase breaks small peptides into amino acids
Nucleic acid digestion
Small intestine–>pancreatic nucleases breaks DNA, RNA into nucleotides
Small intestine–>nucleotidases breaks nucleotides into nucleosides
Small intestines–> Nucleosidases and phosphatases break nucleosides into nitrogenous bases, sugars and phosphates
Fat digestion
Small intestines–>Pancreatic lipase breaks Fat (triglycerides) into glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides
purpose of saliva
lubrication (mucus)
Chemical digestion of polysaccharides (amylase)
how are cells in stomach protected
-Produce mucus-bicarbonate layer
- Produce pepsinogen which is
activated into pepsin by H+
- Fast tissue turnover (cell division)
small intestine consists of what 3 compartments (include explanation of compartment)
Duodenum-exit of pancreatic and gall bladder ducts
Function-enzymatic digestion
Jejunum-absorption
Ileum-absorption
Pancreas creates
Bicarbonate-neutralise stomach acids
Enzymes-digestion of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates
Liver produces
Bile-stored in the gall bladder
Gall Bladder function
digestion of fats
Large intestine compartments and functions
colon - connected to small intestine
function- reabsorption of water making feces more solid
Cecum-connects to where small and large intestine meet
function-fermentation of plant material
Rectum function-Last storage of feces until eliminated via anus
Large intestine compartments and functions
colon - connected to small intestine
function- reabsorption of water making feces more solid
Cecum-connects to where small and large intestine meet
function-fermentation of plant material
Rectum function-Last storage of feces until eliminated via anus
Most nutrients are transported to…
Blood–>hepatic portal vein–>liver (detoxifies blood before entering body
Lipids are transported via
lymphatic system (not blood)
villus only located in
small intestine
Teeth of carnivores
have large, pointed incisors and canines that can be used to kill prey and rip or cut away pieces of flesh. The jagged premolars and molars crush and shred food.
Teeth of herbivores
have premolars and molars with broad, ridged surfaces that grind tough plant material. The incisors and canines are generally modified for biting off pieces of vegetation. In some herbivores, canines are absent
Teeth of omnivores
From front to back along either side of the mouth are four bladelike incisors for biting, a pair of pointed canines for tearing, four premolars for grinding, and six molars for crushing
