Endocrine System Flashcards
Homeostasis
Refers to the ability of an organism or environment to maintain
stability in spite of changes.
What are the organs of the Endocrine system
Hypothalamus, Pineal Body, Pituitary, Thyroid/Parathyroid, Heart, Thymus, Adrenal, Kidney, Pancreas, Ovary, Testes
Nervous system vs Endocrine
Nervous=Rapid, Electrical impulses using nerves, brief
Endocrine=Slowly, hormones in blood stream, long lasting
connection between nervous system and endocrine system
The hypothalamus-pituitary axis
Hypothalamus
control centre of the automatic nervous system
Pituitary Gland
Master endocrine gland
hormones are produced by
endocrine glands
hormones only bind to
specific receptor molecules in the cell membrane
do hormones function at low or high levels
low
hormonal output of a gland is mostly controlled through
a feedback mechanism from the target organ or tissue
which of the 4 chemical types of hormones are produced by the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal medulla
Peptides: amino acid chains
Single amino acids
which of the 4 chemical types of hormones are produced by the gonads and adrenal cortex
Steroid hormones - resembling cholesterol
Prostaglandines - synthesized from fatty acids
Anterior Lobe
Produces hormones
Posterior lobe
Stores hormones until they are needed.
Hormones are transferred from the hypothalamus into this lobe
FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)
Produced by pituitary gland
Target organ-ovary/testicle
hormone- estrogen
effect-follicle growth/sperm production
LH (Luteinising hormone)
Produced by pituitary gland
Target Organ-Ovary/Testicle
Hormone- Progesterone/Testosterone
Effect- Ovulation/luteinisation (Male development and behavior)
TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)
Produced by pituitary gland
Target Organ- Thyroid
Hormone-Thyroid hormone
Effect-High Metabolism
STH or GH (Somatotropin or Growth Hormone)
Pituitary gland
Target Organ=Bone, muscle, kidney, liver, fat
Hormone=NA
Effect=Body growth & high metabolism
ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin)
produced by pituitary gland
Target Organ-Adrenal Organ
Hormone-Cortisol
Effect-Long term stress response
Prolactin
Produced by pituitary gland
Target Organ-mammary gland
Hormone-NA
Effect-Milk Production
ADH/Vasopressin/Antidiuretic hormone
Released by Posterior Pituitary Gland
Target organ-Kidney
Hormone-NA
Effect-Retaining water
Oxytocin
Released by Posterior Pituitary Gland
Target organ- Uterus/Udder
Hormone-NA
Effect-Smooth muscle contraction: Birth/placenta excretion, Milk ejection
Pineal Gland
Photoreceptive
Produces hormone melatonin
Effects: Day-night rhythm/seasonal rhythm
Thyroid Gland
Produces hormone thyroxin
Effects: Metabolism increases
Growth and development
Negative feedback mechanism for TSH
