Endocrine System Flashcards

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

Refers to the ability of an organism or environment to maintain
stability in spite of changes.

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2
Q

What are the organs of the Endocrine system

A

Hypothalamus, Pineal Body, Pituitary, Thyroid/Parathyroid, Heart, Thymus, Adrenal, Kidney, Pancreas, Ovary, Testes

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3
Q

Nervous system vs Endocrine

A

Nervous=Rapid, Electrical impulses using nerves, brief
Endocrine=Slowly, hormones in blood stream, long lasting

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4
Q

connection between nervous system and endocrine system

A

The hypothalamus-pituitary axis

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5
Q

Hypothalamus

A

control centre of the automatic nervous system

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6
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Master endocrine gland

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7
Q

hormones are produced by

A

endocrine glands

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8
Q

hormones only bind to

A

specific receptor molecules in the cell membrane

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9
Q

do hormones function at low or high levels

A

low

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10
Q

hormonal output of a gland is mostly controlled through

A

a feedback mechanism from the target organ or tissue

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11
Q

which of the 4 chemical types of hormones are produced by the pituitary, thyroid, pancreas, adrenal medulla

A

Peptides: amino acid chains
Single amino acids

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12
Q

which of the 4 chemical types of hormones are produced by the gonads and adrenal cortex

A

Steroid hormones - resembling cholesterol
Prostaglandines - synthesized from fatty acids

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13
Q

Anterior Lobe

A

Produces hormones

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14
Q

Posterior lobe

A

Stores hormones until they are needed.
Hormones are transferred from the hypothalamus into this lobe

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15
Q

FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone)

A

Produced by pituitary gland
Target organ-ovary/testicle
hormone- estrogen
effect-follicle growth/sperm production

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16
Q

LH (Luteinising hormone)

A

Produced by pituitary gland
Target Organ-Ovary/Testicle
Hormone- Progesterone/Testosterone
Effect- Ovulation/luteinisation (Male development and behavior)

17
Q

TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)

A

Produced by pituitary gland
Target Organ- Thyroid
Hormone-Thyroid hormone
Effect-High Metabolism

18
Q

STH or GH (Somatotropin or Growth Hormone)

A

Pituitary gland
Target Organ=Bone, muscle, kidney, liver, fat
Hormone=NA
Effect=Body growth & high metabolism

19
Q

ACTH (Adrenocorticotropin)

A

produced by pituitary gland
Target Organ-Adrenal Organ
Hormone-Cortisol
Effect-Long term stress response

20
Q

Prolactin

A

Produced by pituitary gland
Target Organ-mammary gland
Hormone-NA
Effect-Milk Production

21
Q

ADH/Vasopressin/Antidiuretic hormone

A

Released by Posterior Pituitary Gland
Target organ-Kidney
Hormone-NA
Effect-Retaining water

22
Q

Oxytocin

A

Released by Posterior Pituitary Gland
Target organ- Uterus/Udder
Hormone-NA
Effect-Smooth muscle contraction: Birth/placenta excretion, Milk ejection

23
Q

Pineal Gland

A

Photoreceptive
Produces hormone melatonin
Effects: Day-night rhythm/seasonal rhythm

24
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Produces hormone thyroxin
Effects: Metabolism increases
Growth and development
Negative feedback mechanism for TSH

25
Q

Adrenal Gland Cortex produces…

A

Mineralocorticoids: Aldosterone,
Corticosteroids: Cortisol,
sex hormones: Androgens and estrogens

26
Q

Adrenal Gland Medulla produces…

A

Epinephrin/adrenalin
Norepinephrin/noradrenalin

27
Q

Adrenal gland is stimulated by

A

ACTH from the pituitary (negative feedback mechanism)

28
Q

Pancreas produces…

A

Hormones=Insulin, glucagon
Digestive enzymes= Lipase, protease, amylase