Excretory system Flashcards

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1
Q

functions of the excretory system

A
  • removal of waste
  • balance blood pH (7.3)
  • maintensnce of water balance
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2
Q

components of the excretory system

A

renal artery, renal veins, kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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3
Q

renal artery

A

delivers blood to the kidneys

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4
Q

renal veins

A

returns filtered blood to the heart

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5
Q

kidney

A

filters blood to remove waste products
- weighs 0.5kg
- hold 25% of the bodies blood at one time
located beneath the digestive organs
- made up of three layers: cortex (outer), Medulla(inner), and renal pelvis (central mass where all veins and tubes connect)

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6
Q

ureters

A

transport waste from the kidneys to the bladder

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7
Q

bladder

A

stores waste(urine) and u lose control once it hits 600ml

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8
Q

urethra

A

removes waste product

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9
Q

waste products

A
  • urea (2%)
  • uric acid
  • creatinine
    (make up 5% of waste)
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10
Q

urea

A
  • Amino acids are broken down by liver (deamination) producing ammonia
  • Ammonia is extremely toxic (0.005 mg can kill a human)
  • Ammonia binds with carbon dioxide and forms urea
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11
Q

uric acid

A

formed bt the breakdown of nucleic acids

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12
Q

creatinine

A

by product of muscle metabolism

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13
Q

PH balance

A
  • During cellular respiration excess acids (e.g. citric and lactic acid) build up in the body
  • These acids are ionized to produce H+ ions
  • The build up of H+ ions lowers the pH of blood
    H+ ions can removed from blood and combined with filtrate urine
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14
Q

water balance

A
  • The average adult loses 2 liters of water a day (how much you should consume a day)
    By urine, perspiration and exhalation
  • ADH (antidiuretic hormone) helps regulate water by causing the kidneys to increase water reabsorption(out of urine and back into the blood)
  • When ADH is released more concentrated urine is produced, conserving body water
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15
Q

different stages of dehyrdation

A

A drop in fluid intake by 1% causes thirst, 5% causes u to collapse or feel dizzy/faint, 10% causes death

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16
Q

the nephron

A

Nephrons are the functional unit of the kidneys
There can be up to one million nephrons in each kidney

17
Q

what makes up a nephron

A

glomerulus, bowmans capsule, proximal tuble, loop of Henle, Distal tubule, collecting duct

18
Q

golmerulus

A

cappilary bed where the renal artery and vein attach; this is where the kidney recieves blood

19
Q

bowmans capsule

A

highest level of filtration, receives waste from glomerulus (backwards c)

20
Q

proximal tube

A

connects to bowmans capsule to loop of henle
- more filtration

21
Q

loop of henel

A

reabsorbes water and filters

22
Q

distal tube

A

connects loop of henel to collecting duct

23
Q

collecting duct

A

delivers waste to uterer

24
Q

filtration

A
  • Dissolved solutes pass through the walls of the glomerulus into bowmans capsules
  • Blood cells, plasma and platelets are too large to move through the walls of the glomerulus same with proteins
25
Q

reabsorption

A
  • The transfer of essential solutes and water from the nephron back into the blood
  • On average 600ml of fluid flows through the kidneys every minute but only 120ml is filtered through the nephron
  • 119 of the 120 are reabsorbed (1ml urine -120ml filtered by the nephron)
  • If reabsorption did not happen u would produce 120ml of urine every minute meaning you would need to drink one liter of water every ten minutes to maintain homeostasis