excretory system

Question 1

Define excretion

Answer 1

Process of collection and removal of harmful / useless stuff from blood, tissues, cells

Question 2

What materials do humans need to excrete?

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide, water, salts, urea

Question 3

What are the four main organs?

Answer 3

Liver, Lungs, Skin, Urinary System (kidneys)

Question 4

The liver is an organ of excretion, but it is also an organ of ____________

Answer 4

Digestion

Question 5

The liver’s three main excretory functions:

Answer 5

Detoxifies the blood, produces bile, forms urea

Question 6

Sometimes the liver can become scarred.
What is this called?

Answer 6

Cirrhosis

Question 7

What is the resulting effect of cirrhosis?

Answer 7

Impairs liver function

Question 8

How is cirrhosis caused?

Answer 8

Infection / poisons in the body – commonly caused by alcohol abuse.

Question 9

What is the treatment of cirrhosis?

Answer 9

Avoid poison (avoid alcohol) and eat well.

Question 10

What do the lungs excrete?

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide (and some water)

Question 11

Lungs are not only organs of excretion, they are also important in the ______________ system.

Answer 11

Respiratory system

Question 12

What does the skin excrete?

Answer 12

Sweat – salt and water

Question 13

How does the skin assist in regulation of temperature?

Answer 13

Sweat evaporating cools skin (and thus body)
Blood gets closer to skin (where it can cool down

Question 14

Hair and nails are made up of dead skin cells. There is a tough protein structure that is their main component. What is it called?

Answer 14

Keratin

Question 15

The skin is made of two layers, a thin upper layer and a thicker lower level:

Answer 15

Upper level: Epidermis
Lower level: Dermis

Question 16

What is epidermis layer made of?

Answer 16

Dead skin cells

Question 17

Why don’t you bleed or feel pain if you cut through only the epidermis?

Answer 17

No blood. No nerves. No nothing. Just dead skin.

Question 18

What is the kidney’s main job?

Answer 18

Filters waste from the blood

Question 19

How big are kidneys, what do they look like, and where are they located?

Answer 19

Fist size, bean-shaped (kidney bean in fact!!). They lie on either side of your spine just above your waist.

Question 20

What is the microscopic unit where wastes are filtered from the blood in the kidneys

Answer 20

Nephron

Question 21

Glomerulus

Answer 21

A network of coiled blood vessels. Blood suppliers

Question 22

From the kidney, the waste flows through ureters to the bladder.
What is the waste called and what is it made of?

Answer 22

Urine (made of urea, water, salts, and other substances)

Question 23

Ureters

Answer 23

narrow, muscular tubes that connect kidneys to bladder

Question 24

Bladder

Answer 24

muscular sac that stores urine (walls of bladder expand as it fills with urine and when muscle at the neck of the bladder is allowed to relax, urine is squeezed into urethra)

Question 25

Urethra

Answer 25

tube leading from the bladder to the outside of the body

Question 26

Inflammation of the bladder (often caused by bacteria that spread from the rectum through the urethra to the bladder)

Answer 26

Cystitis (UTI)

Question 27

Kidney Stones

Answer 27

lumps of crystallized salts and minerals that form in the kidneys; can cause severe pain as it moves out of kidney if it’s not small enough to pass through ureter

Question 28

Kidney Failure

Answer 28

When both kidneys stop working, excess fluid builds up rapidly in the body
Treatment: Dialysis

Question 29

How do you treat cystitis?

Answer 29

Antibiotics