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life science sem 1 > digestion > Flashcards

digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe how and why you feel hungry

A

Ghrelin, a hormone that is released from the stomach is sent to the brain making you feel hungry

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2
Q

What is the long tube that makes up the digestion system called?

A

Alimentary Canal

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3
Q

Food travels down the alimentary canal using a process called peristalsis. How does this work?

A

Involuntary wave like muscle contractions in the digestive tract pushes food down the alimentary canal

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4
Q

What does ‘digestion’ mean?

A

Digestion is a process that turns the food into smaller and simpler molecules

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5
Q

What are the two types of digestion?

A

Chemical and Mechanical

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6
Q

Define Mechanical Digestion

A

Physically breaking down food

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7
Q

Define Chemical Digestion

A

The process where enzymes and acid break down food

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8
Q

Define Enzyme

A

A protein produced by a living organism that helps speed up digestion by breaking down food

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9
Q

Whats another term for mouth?

A

Oral Cavity

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10
Q

Describe mechanical digestion in the oral cavity

A

Use your teeth to chew the food and break it down into smaller pieces

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11
Q

Describe chemical digestion in the oral cavity

A

Enzymes in your saliva break down starches in your food

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12
Q

Chemical digestion in the mouth is assisted by what enzyme?

A

Salivary amylase

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13
Q

What does the salivary amylase enzyme do?

A

Breaks down starch

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14
Q

What is the tongue’s job?

A

Allows you to taste food, swallow, and break down food

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15
Q

What connects the mouth to the stomach?

A

esophagus

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16
Q

What directs food to the stomach and prevents it from entering the lower respiratory tract?

A

Epiglottis

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17
Q

The stomach is a large muscular bag that can expand to store food. How much food can the stomach stretch to store?

A

1 quart

18
Q

Approximately how long does food stay the stomach?

A

2-6 hours

19
Q

Describe mechanical digestion of the stomach

A

Churning motions in the stomach break down food

20
Q

Describe chemical digestion of the stomach

A

Acids and enzymes break down food

21
Q

When the stomach has finished its job the food is now in a liquid goo form called…?

A

Chyme

22
Q

Approximately how long is the small intestine?

A

22 feet

23
Q

Approximately how long does food stay in the small intestine?

A

5-6 hours

24
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Produces enzymes

25
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Produces bile

26
Q

What does the gallbladder do?

A

Stores bile

27
Q

In the small intestine are many, many finger-like projections called what?

A

Villi

28
Q

What does villi do?

A

Absorbs nutrients from food

29
Q

How long is the large intestine?

A

5 feet

30
Q

How long does food stay in the large intestine?

A

24-36 hours

31
Q

What are the large intestine’s three jobs?

A

Absorb water from food, absorbs and produces vitamins from food, and form and move the poop

32
Q

If you have a sharp pain cause by stomach acid backing up into the esophagus, you have…?

A

Heartburn

33
Q

What is constipation?

A

When the large intestine has absorbed too much water

34
Q

What is it called when you large intestine doesn’t absorb enough water?

A

Diarrhea

35
Q

What are swollen veins in the anal area called?

A

Hemorrhoids

36
Q

What is it called when the appendix becomes inflamed?

A

Appendicitis?

37
Q

What are the hard particles made of calcium salts, cholesterol, and pigments in the bile that get caught in the tube leading out of the gallbladder called?

A

Gallstones

38
Q

What are the open sores that form on the surface of the skin or in the alimentary canal?

A

Ulcers

39
Q

What is celiac disease?

A

A sensitivity to gluten

40
Q

What is it called when your body doesn’t produce enough insulin?

A

Diabetes

life science sem 1 (8 decks)

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