Excretory System

Question 1

What is the purpose of the excretory system?

Answer 1

Removes waste products, filters blood to remove toxic waste products & maintains constant internal environment

Question 2

State two features of mammalian excretory systems

Answer 2

Ureters (two tubes) carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder & the bladder stores urine before it is removed from the body

Question 3

State the purpose of the urethra in the mammalian excretory system

Answer 3

Allows the passing of urine from the body

Question 4

State two features of the avian excretory system

Answer 4

Ureters (two tubes) carry urine from the kidney to the cloaca & the cloaca allows urine and other waste products to be removed from the body

Question 5

What is nitrogenous waste composed of?

Answer 5

Ammonia, salt & water

Question 6

What is the production of nitrogenous waste caused by?

Answer 6

Metabolism

Question 7

Outline the function of the kidney(s)

Answer 7

Cleanse the blood of toxins

Question 8

What are nephrons?

Answer 8

Millions of filtering units

Question 9

Where are nephrons found?

Answer 9

Kidney(s)

Question 10

State the purpose of nephrons

Answer 10

Remove waste/salt & remove toxins (urea)

Question 11

What is the knot of capillaries called in the excretory system?

Answer 11

Glomerulus

Question 12

What collects the filtrate from the Glomerulus?

Answer 12

Bowmans Capsules

Question 13

What allows the transportation of filtrate to & from the loop of henley?

Answer 13

Tubles

Question 14

What collects urine & passes it to the ureter?

Answer 14

Collection ducts

Question 15

Define ‘ulterfiltration’

Answer 15

Removing substances from blood

Question 16

Define ‘selective reabsorption’

Answer 16

Reabsorbing substances the body needs

Question 17

Define ‘urine formation’

Answer 17

Substances that are not reabsorbed travel (as urine) along the nephrons to the collection ducts; where the waste is transported to the bladder

Question 18

Name the layers/components of the kidney(s)

Answer 18

Renal capsule, pyramid in renal medulla, renal artery, renal vein, renal pelvis, ureter, renal cortex

Question 19

Outline the loop of Henley’s function

Answer 19

Filter and remove sodium, water and chlorine from the blood & transport the waste into the kidney(s) to be expelled as urine

Question 20

State the function of the descending limb

Answer 20

Allows waste into the kidney(s)

Question 21

State the function of the ascending limb

Answer 21

Lets ions in - some is pumped out by nephrons

Question 22

State the function of the distal convoluted tubule

Answer 22

Final reabsorption

Question 23

Which process occurs in the Bowmans capsule?

Answer 23

Filtration of blood from the glomerular capillaries

Question 24

Which organ are faeces expelled out of?

Answer 24

Anus

Question 25

What is cirrhosis?

Answer 25

End stage of liver disease

Question 26

What does cirrhosis cause?

Answer 26

Small, scarred, poorly functioning liver

Question 27

Why does cirrhosis cause liver damage?

Answer 27

Normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue

Question 28

Why is normal liver cells being replaced by scar tissue significant?

Answer 28

Prevents the liver from processing nutrients and hormones

Question 29

State a feature of cirrhosis

Answer 29

It is chronic (non reversible)

Question 30

State four causes of cirrhosis

Answer 30

Undetected inflammation of liver, damaged to liver by many diseases, drugs & toxins

Question 31

Name the symptoms of cirrhosis

Answer 31

Loss of appetite, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhoea, lack of energy (lethargy), jaundice & painful abdomen

Question 32

State three treatment options for cirrhosis

Answer 32

Intensive support (if developed secondary gastrointestinal complications of intravenous fluids), anti-nausea & seizure medications, transfusions & nutritional support

Question 33

What is nephritis?

Answer 33

Specific type of renal (kidney) disease

Question 34

What is nephritis characterised by?

Answer 34

Inflammation of the glomeruli

Question 35

State five causes of nephritis

Answer 35

Cancer, heat worm infection, chronic dental disease, endocarditis & Lyme disease

Question 36

State five symptoms of nephritis

Answer 36

Blood in urine, loss of appetite, renal failure, vomiting & thirst increase

Question 37

State three treatments for nephritis

Answer 37

Biopsy of kidney (determine underlying conditions), medications to control blood pressure & immunosuppressivedrugs