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Animal Biology > Excretory System > Flashcards

Excretory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the purpose of the excretory system?

A

Removes waste products, filters blood to remove toxic waste products & maintains constant internal environment

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2
Q

State two features of mammalian excretory systems

A

Ureters (two tubes) carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder & the bladder stores urine before it is removed from the body

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3
Q

State the purpose of the urethra in the mammalian excretory system

A

Allows the passing of urine from the body

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4
Q

State two features of the avian excretory system

A

Ureters (two tubes) carry urine from the kidney to the cloaca & the cloaca allows urine and other waste products to be removed from the body

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5
Q

What is nitrogenous waste composed of?

A

Ammonia, salt & water

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6
Q

What is the production of nitrogenous waste caused by?

A

Metabolism

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7
Q

Outline the function of the kidney(s)

A

Cleanse the blood of toxins

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8
Q

What are nephrons?

A

Millions of filtering units

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9
Q

Where are nephrons found?

A

Kidney(s)

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10
Q

State the purpose of nephrons

A

Remove waste/salt & remove toxins (urea)

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11
Q

What is the knot of capillaries called in the excretory system?

A

Glomerulus

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12
Q

What collects the filtrate from the Glomerulus?

A

Bowmans Capsules

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13
Q

What allows the transportation of filtrate to & from the loop of henley?

A

Tubles

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14
Q

What collects urine & passes it to the ureter?

A

Collection ducts

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15
Q

Define ‘ulterfiltration’

A

Removing substances from blood

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16
Q

Define ‘selective reabsorption’

A

Reabsorbing substances the body needs

17
Q

Define ‘urine formation’

A

Substances that are not reabsorbed travel (as urine) along the nephrons to the collection ducts; where the waste is transported to the bladder

18
Q

Name the layers/components of the kidney(s)

A

Renal capsule, pyramid in renal medulla, renal artery, renal vein, renal pelvis, ureter, renal cortex

19
Q

Outline the loop of Henley’s function

A

Filter and remove sodium, water and chlorine from the blood & transport the waste into the kidney(s) to be expelled as urine

20
Q

State the function of the descending limb

A

Allows waste into the kidney(s)

21
Q

State the function of the ascending limb

A

Lets ions in - some is pumped out by nephrons

22
Q

State the function of the distal convoluted tubule

A

Final reabsorption

23
Q

Which process occurs in the Bowmans capsule?

A

Filtration of blood from the glomerular capillaries

24
Q

Which organ are faeces expelled out of?

A

Anus

25
Q

What is cirrhosis?

A

End stage of liver disease

26
Q

What does cirrhosis cause?

A

Small, scarred, poorly functioning liver

27
Q

Why does cirrhosis cause liver damage?

A

Normal liver cells are replaced by scar tissue

28
Q

Why is normal liver cells being replaced by scar tissue significant?

A

Prevents the liver from processing nutrients and hormones

29
Q

State a feature of cirrhosis

A

It is chronic (non reversible)

30
Q

State four causes of cirrhosis

A

Undetected inflammation of liver, damaged to liver by many diseases, drugs & toxins

31
Q

Name the symptoms of cirrhosis

A

Loss of appetite, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhoea, lack of energy (lethargy), jaundice & painful abdomen

32
Q

State three treatment options for cirrhosis

A

Intensive support (if developed secondary gastrointestinal complications of intravenous fluids), anti-nausea & seizure medications, transfusions & nutritional support

33
Q

What is nephritis?

A

Specific type of renal (kidney) disease

34
Q

What is nephritis characterised by?

A

Inflammation of the glomeruli

35
Q

State five causes of nephritis

A

Cancer, heat worm infection, chronic dental disease, endocarditis & Lyme disease

36
Q

State five symptoms of nephritis

A

Blood in urine, loss of appetite, renal failure, vomiting & thirst increase

37
Q

State three treatments for nephritis

A

Biopsy of kidney (determine underlying conditions), medications to control blood pressure & immunosuppressivedrugs

Animal Biology (11 decks)

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