excipients Flashcards
BHA and BHT
antioxidants for oil systems
vitamin E
antioxidant for oil systems
ascorbic acid, suflur salts (sodium thiosulfate or sodium bissulfite)
antioxidants for aq systems
EDTA
chelating agent
parabens or esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid
preservatives
*alc, acids and esters are common preservatives
Boric acid/borate
buffers
EXTERNAL USE ONLY
carbonates, citrates, gluconates, lactates, phosphates, or tartrates
Pharmaceutical buffers
*can be acidifying agents
Sodium chloride and dextrose
tonicity modifiers
flocculating agents
Electrolytes – decrease zeta potential
Lyophilic macromolecules – protective colloid effect; eg Polymers – provide steric hindrance
what excipient is added for protective colloids?
- lyophilic macromolecules added to lyophobic colloids
Tragacanth
used in suspensions
- inc viscosity, and causes flocculation
- acts as protective colloid at low conc
Acacia
used in suspensions
- inc viscosity, and causes flocculation
- acts as protective colloid at low conc
Colloidal silicon dioxide
used in suspensions
- inc viscosity, and causes flocculation
- acts as protective colloid at low conc
Methylcellulose
used in suspensions
- inc viscosity, and causes flocculation
- acts as protective colloid at low conc
Carbon polymers
used in suspensions
- inc viscosity, and causes flocculation
- acts as protective colloid at low conc
Glycerin
polar solvent
- can be used to solubilize dr
- acts as protective colloid at low conc
wetting agents
glycerine and propylene glycol
- alc (ehtanol) can be used to wet hydrophobic solids
protective colloids
*lyophillic mol, add to lyophobic colloids so less sensitive to oagulation by salts, and steric stabliization
ex: *gelatin (best), albumin, acacia, socium oleate, tragacanth
surfactants
*surfactants, wetting agents
Oral: Polysorbats (tweens), orbital esters (spans)
Topical: sodium lauryl sulfate, diocytl sodium, slfosuccinate
Parenteral: polysorbates, lecithin (phospholipis)
sodium benzoate
preservative
Propylene glycol
Solvent/vehicle
ascorbic acid
antioxidant
pyroxline
film forming agent for flexible collodions
*castor oil can be added to improve flexibility
Talc
distributing/dispersing agent
polysorbate
surfactant, can use to help solubilzie
*can be used to form association colloid
benzalkonium chloride
forms association colloids
sodium lauryl sulfate
anionic surfactant
carbomer
emulsifying agent
