Exchnage Shrfaces

Question 1

Vital capacity

Answer 1

MAX volume of air inhaled/exhaled in one breath

Question 2

Adaption of alveoli

Answer 2

Squamous epithelium - thin shirt diffusion distance
Good blood supply - steep conc gradient
Large number - large SA
Good ventilation - maintains conc gradient , supplies oxygen removes co2 from alveoli
Elastic fibres - stretch + recoil to force air out
Secrete Surfactant- maintain Sa

Question 3

Why larger organisms need transport system

Answer 3

Smaller SA:V ratio
Longer diffusion distance
Rate of diffusion too slow for metabolic demands , sifficuent uptake of nutrients
+ removal of waste products

Question 4

Fish ventilation + gas exchange

Answer 4

Continuous flow of water over gills x water + blood flow in opposite directions , maintains steep conc gradient
Countercurrent
Open mouth, raise buccal floor, increases volume, decreases pressure, water flows in to buccal cavity, increases pressure in buccal cavity, water flows into till cavity, forces operculum open , water leaves
Gill filaments , large Sa, thin -short diffusion distance , good blood supply, tips of gill filaments overlap to slow down + countercurrent system movement of water

Question 6

Insect ventilation

Answer 6

Muscular mivemnt
Abdominal flattening , pressure change in abdomen , air drawn in / out
Size of sprinkle changes
Small size large SA:V ratio - disffuin sufficient

Question 7

Insect gas exchange

Answer 7

Gas diffuses along trachae