Exchange surfaces Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the need for exchange surfaces
Organisms need to supply their cells with glucose and oxygen
why do small organisms not need exchange surfaces
Baucause they haver a high sa:v ration so simple diffusion can supply all of their cells
Why do large cells need exchange surfaces
Low salve and can not rely on simple diffusion as this is too slow
How is a root hair specialised for its function
It has an elongated shape and root hairs as well as thin walls
How are alveoli specialised fore their function
Thin flat cells this decreases diffusion distance
good blood supply
How are gills specialised
large capillary network and constant flow
Countercurrent flow
How is cartilage used in the lungs
It is strong and flexible so therefore keeps the trachea open
How are ciliated epithelium use on the lungs
Found in the trachea and branch
waft mucus that has trapped pathogens
What are goblet cells
Scattered throughout the ciliated epithelium.
Produce mucus
How is smooth muscle used in the lungs
Regulated the lumen of the bronchi and bronchioles
What do elastic fibres do
Allow the lungs to stretch and return
What is vital capacity
The maximum volume of air that can be exhaled after a max inhalation
What is tiddal volume
the volume of air breathed in/out during normal breathing
The is breathing rate
breath/min
What is 02 uptake
How much 02 that is taken up at any one time
What happens during inhalation
The diaphragm contracts downwards becoming flat
External intercostals contract pulling the rib cage up and out
Lung vol increases
Lung pressure decreases
air in
What happens during a passive expiration
Ext intercostals relax as does the diaphraggm
What happens during forced exhalation
Abs and internal intercostals contract
What is the bony gill cover
Operculum
How many rows of gull filaments are there
2
What are gill filaments
rows of silted gills
What is the gill arch
The bine that the filaments attach to
What are gill rakers
spike bits of cartilage that stop shit escaping
What is countercurrent flow
Blood flows ion the opposite direction to water so that the blood with the lowest partial pressure meets the water with the highest partial pressure. This maintains the conc g
