amino acids

Question 1

what is the monomer of proteins

Answer 1

amino acids

Question 2

what is the structure of amino acids

Answer 2

H
H2N - C - C -ooh
R

Question 3

what is the name of the bonds between amino acids

Answer 3

peptide bonds

Question 4

how top peptide bonds form

Answer 4

oh of the carboxyl group and a H from the ch2 combine

Question 5

what is primary structure

Answer 5

the sequence of amino acids in a protein

Question 6

what is secondary structure
what binds hold it together
what are the 2 possible shapes

Answer 6

How the amino acid chain twists and bends \held together by hydrogen bonds
Alpha helix of beta pleated sheet

Question 7

what is tertiary structure

Answer 7

when the coils and pleats themself start to fold and form shapes
disulphide bridges ionic bonds and hydrophobic/phyklic interactions

Question 8

what is quaternary structure

Answer 8

how multiple protein chains combine
eg: haemoglobin is 4

Question 9

what ionic bonding occurs in proteins

Answer 9

Ionic bonds can occur between those carboxyl and amino groups. NH3 + COO-

Question 10

Hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions in proteins

Answer 10

Hydrophobic parts of the R group tend to associate together in the centre of a chain to avid water. In the same way the opposite is true

Question 11

Collagen P

Answer 11

provides mechanical strength
In arteries collagen prevents them from bursting
Tendons are made from collagen
Bones are made from collagen
Cartillage and connective tissue is also made from this

Question 12

Keratin

Answer 12

Found in the body wherever hardness is essential
For example the disulphide bruges provide support for horns in goats and in our nails

Question 13

Elasin

Answer 13

Cross lining and coiling makes this string and extensible
Skin can stretch back to its normal shape and around bones
Elastin in lungs allow them to stretch and return
Helps our blood vessels to stretch and recoil

Question 14

Haemoglobin

Answer 14

4 polypeptide chains (2 alpha and 2 beta) each has its own tertiary structure

Each chain a haem group is stored. The protein is conjugated
The harm group allows haemoglobin to carry 02 in the blood

Question 15

Insulin

Answer 15

2 polypeptide chains ( one alpha and one beat )
Hydrophylic r groups are on the outside of the molecule making it water and blood soluble

Question 16

Pepsin

Answer 16

Digests protein in the stomach

Single polypeptide chain of 327 Amino acids
43 with r groups which allows it to be stable in the acidic environment of the stomach as it also contains many disulfidew bringes )

Question 17

Computer modeling

Answer 17

AB into protein modelling:

A model is built on. the physical and electrical properties of the atoms in each amino acid.

Comparative modeling:

Scans the amino acid against a database of solved structures and produces a set of matches