exchange of substances Flashcards
alveoli:
small air sacs found in the lungs at the end of bronchioles which provide a large surface area for gas exchange.
amylases:
a class of enzymes that hydrolyze polysaccharides.
antiporter:
a membrane protein involved in the cotransport of molecules in opposite directions.
aorta:
the main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure.
arteriole:
a smaller type of blood vessel that connects arteries with capillaries.
artery:
a type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
atrium:
a type of chamber in the heart which receives blood directly from a vein and passes it on to a ventricle.
bile salts:
molecules found in the small intestine that assist in the coagulation of lipids, increasing the lipid surface area for breakdown.
bronchi:
the two airways branching out from the trachea and lead to the smaller bronchioles.
bronchioles:
small airways which branch out from the bronchi and end at the alveoli.
capillary:
a very small blood vessel with thin walls and a small diameter used for substance exchange in tissues.
capillary bed:
a network of many different capillaries that supply the tissues with blood.
coronary artery:
the main artery that supplies the heart tissue with blood.
co-transport:
a type of membrane transport mechanism involving two different molecules moving across a cell membrane.
diaphragm:
a large sheet of muscle below the lungs used to reduce and increase the lung capacity to create pressure changes necessary for ventilation.
