Exchange of Substances Flashcards
alveoli
small air sacs found in the lungs at the end of the bronchioles which provide a large surface area for gas exchange
amylases
a class of enzymes that hydrolyse polysaccharides
antiporter
a membrane protein involved in the co-transport of molecules in opposite direction
aorta
the main artery that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart at high pressure
arteriole
a smaller type of blood vessel that connects arteries with capillaries
artery
a type of blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart
atrium
a type of chamber in the heart which receives blood directly from a vein and passes it on to a ventricle
bile salts
molecules found in the small intestine that assist in the coagulation of lipids, increasing the lipid surface area for breakdown
bronchi
the two airways branching out from the trachea and lead to the smaller bronchioles
capillary
a very small blood vessel with thin walls and a small diameter used for substance exchange in tissues
capillary bed
a network of many different apiaries that supply the tissues with blood
coronary artery
the main artery that supplies the heart tissue with blood
co-transport
a type of membrane transport mechanism involving two different molecules moving across a cell membrane
diaphragm
a large sheet of muscle below the lungs used to reduce and increase the lung capacity to create pressure changes necessary for ventilation
endopeptidase
a class of enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds within polypeptides
exopeptidases
a class of enzymes that hydrolyse peptide bonds at the end of proteins
external intercostal muscles
a set of muscles found between the ribs on the outside that are involved in forced and quiet inhalation
gill filaments
small divisions of the gills in fish that extend off the gill arch
gill lamellae
small protrusions on the gill filaments designed to increase the surface area available for gas exchange