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Biology Stage 1 > Exchange of materials with the environment > Flashcards

Exchange of materials with the environment Flashcards

Information included in this deck: - Exchange surfaces (powerpoint) -

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1
Q

unicellular organisms exchange ___ and __ with their envrionment

A

carbon dioxide and oxygen

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2
Q

multicellular organisms exchange __ with their environment

A

materials

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3
Q

m___ are take in by the animal including ___, water and various substance contained in food e.g. carbohydrates, ___,__, ___ and ____

A

materials are taken in by the animal including oxygen, water and various substance contained in food e.g. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals

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4
Q

what are some materials released by animals?

A

excess water, slats and toxic substances produced by biochemical reactions e.g. carbon dioxide and nitrogen containing waste like uric or urea acid.

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5
Q

unicellular organisms exchange materials ___ with the ____

A

unicellular organisms exchange materials directly with the environment

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6
Q

why are most cells unable to exchange materials directly with the environment?

A

because they do not have direct contact with the environment

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7
Q

to cope with this multicellular organisms have __ composed of cells in certain __ specialised for exchange called an _______

A

to cope with this multicellular organisms have structures composed of cells in certain organs specialised for exchange called an exchange surface

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8
Q

exchange surface areas must be what?

A
  1. thin to reduce the distance the materials need to move during exchange
  2. moist which assist the transport of materials across the exchange surface
  3. large total surface area which provides more surface for exchange to take place
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9
Q

the exchange of __ is facilitated by exchange surfaces being close to a supply of ___ transporting the material from the ____ to the __ in the body

A

the exchange of materials is facilitated by the exchange surface being close to a supply of blood transporting the materials from the exchange surface to the cells in the body

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10
Q

what is diffusion?

A

the movement of substance across an exchange surface

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11
Q

substances aid to be exchanged by this are said to ____

A

diffuse

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12
Q

movement of substance from a region of _____ to ___ until the two regions have an ___ of substance

A

movement of substance from a region of high concentration to low concnetration until the two regions have an ewual concentration of the substance

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13
Q

a way to describe diffusion is?

A

the movement of substance down its concentration gradient until equilibrium has been reached

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14
Q

is diffusion passive?

A

yes

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15
Q

why does oxygen diffuse into the cell?

A

oxygen diffuses into the cell as it is needed for the process called aerobic respiration

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16
Q

aerobic respiration enables the cell to?

A

make energy available for them to function

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17
Q

what is a waste product produced by aerobic respiration ?

A

carbon dioxide

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18
Q

what are apart of the external environemnt?

A

surroundings

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19
Q

what are apart of the internal environments?

A

blood supply and body cells of multicellular organism

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20
Q

what is the function of the exchange surface?

A

to permit exchange of materials between external and internal environments of organisms

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21
Q

where does the exchange of gases in animals happen?

A

in the respiratory system in the alveoli

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22
Q

the ___ of the respiratory system facilitates the __ of gases by moving the external environment e.g. air to or from the ___

A

the structure of the respiratory system facilitates the exchange of gases by moving the external environment e.g. air to or from the alveoli

23
Q

gas exchange by diffusion takes place because air in the ___ is in close contact with the __ environment, the blood transported to or from the __

A

gas exchange by diffusion takes place because the air in the alveoli is in close contact with the internal environment, blood transported to or from the lungs

24
Q

movement in and out of the __ is called __

A

alveoli, ventilation

25
Q

air that moves into the lungs and alveoli is called ___

A

inhalation

26
Q

air is inhaled when the pressure inside the lung is ___ than the air outside the body.

A

lower

27
Q

this is achieved by the contraction of the ___ and the ____muscles that move the diaphragm ___ and the ribs outwards

A

diaphragm, intercostal, downwards

28
Q

air moving out of the lungs is called ___

A

exhalation

29
Q

air is exhaled when the lung air pressure is __ than the air pressure outside of the body

A

greater

30
Q

this occurs when the diaphragm and the intercostal muscles __ causing the diaphragm to move upwards and the ribs downwards and inwards

A

relax

31
Q

each lung has a huge number of __ which creates a very large surface for __ to occur

A

alveoli, exchange

32
Q

the outside of the alveoli is covered with a lot of __ that transport blood to and from them

A

capillaries

33
Q

why is the distance for diffusion very small

A

because the alveoli surface are consist of a single layer of epithelial tissue which makes it very thing

34
Q

how is the exchange off gases across the alveoli assited?

A

by the presence of a film of moisture that covers the inside surface of them

35
Q

Cells need to exchange material in order to what?

A

survive

36
Q

Cells take in what?

A
  • oxygen
  • glucose
  • amino acids
  • water
  • mineral ion
37
Q

cells remove what?

A
  • carbon dioxide
  • urea
  • lactic acid
38
Q

Exchange surfaces are made up of what?

A

a single layer of epithelial cells

39
Q

cells need to be what when passively exchanging materials?

A

efficient

40
Q

efficient exchange occurs when what?

A

cells are THIN - for rapid exchange
there are MOIST surfaces - to help exchange
there is a LARGE SURFACE AREA - to maximise exchange
exchange surfaces are CLOSE TOGETHER - for rapid exchange

41
Q

Thin = what?

A

less tissue for the moving molecule to pass through

42
Q

moist = what?

A

molecules diffuse more efficiently through a liquid medium

43
Q

large surface are = what?

A

a lot of molecules can pass through - aiding in efficiency of exchange

44
Q

exchange surface are close together = what?

A

molecules have a smaller distance to move

45
Q

Diffusion is a what?

A

a passive transport process - it does not require energy to occur

46
Q

diffusion describes what?

A

the movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to low concentrations along a concentration gradient

47
Q

Where are the [air of lungs located?

A

within the thorax

48
Q

the lungs are connected to the outside air by way of a system of tubular passageways - describe them

A
  • trachea
  • bronchi
  • bronchioles
49
Q

the diaphragm is a dome-shaped sheet of what?

A

skeletal muscle

50
Q

The ___ divides into two ___ each of which leads to one lung

A

trachea, bronchi

51
Q

Each __ divides many times into ____ _____

A

bronchus, respiratory bronchioles

52
Q

The __ are the site of __ and ___ in the lungs

A

alveoli, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange

53
Q

the alveoli tend to what?

A

recoil inward (deflate) after each breath

54
Q

The alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs:

A
  • the air sac increase the surface area
  • they have thin, moist membranes that are close to blood vessels
  • oxygen diffuses into the blood, and into the haemoglobin of red blood cells
  • carbon dioxide diffuses from blood into air sacs

Biology Stage 1 (8 decks)

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