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Biology > Exchange And Transport In Animals > Flashcards

Exchange And Transport In Animals Flashcards

1
Q

Exchange in materials : cells

A

Cells need oxygen for aerobic respiration

CO2 is a waste product

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2
Q

Exchange of materials : water

A

Taken up by cells by osmosis

Food molecules diffuse w/ it

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3
Q

The larger the organism, the smaller the surface area is compared to the volume

A

Surface area : volume ratio

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4
Q

Alveoli adaptations

A

Thin walls = minimise distance for diffusion

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5
Q

What is around the alveoli?

A

A capillary

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6
Q

Carbon dioxide in the capillary…

A

Diffuses into the alveoli air space

Down the concentration gradient

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7
Q

Oxygen from the lungs…

A

Diffuses into the blood in the capillary

From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

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8
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Carry oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

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9
Q

Shape of red blood cells

A

Biconcave disc shape

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10
Q

What is the red pigment in red blood cells called?

A

Haemoglobin

Containing iron

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11
Q

Why do red blood cells have no nuclei?

A

Allows more room for carrying oxygen

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12
Q

Types of white blood cells

A

Phagocytes

Lymphocytes

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13
Q

What do phagocytes?

A

They change shape to engulf unwanted micro-organisms

This is called phagocytosis

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14
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

They produce antibodies + antitoxins

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15
Q

What are platelets?

A

Small fragments of cells which help blood clotting

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16
Q

What is plasma?

A

Carries everything in the blood

  • R+W blood cells
  • hormones
  • proteins
17
Q

Name the 3 blood vessels

A

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

18
Q

Where do arteries take the blood?

A

Away from the heart

19
Q

Describe arteries

A
  • thick walls
  • thin lumen
  • elastic fibres
20
Q

Why do arteries have thick walls?

A

Because the blood is under high pressure

21
Q

Describe capillaries

A
  • one cell thick (permeable walls)
22
Q

Why are capillaries so thin?

A

Increases rate of diffusion

23
Q

Where do veins carry the blood to?

A

The heart

24
Q

Describe veins

A
  • thin walls
  • larger lumen
  • valves
25
Q

Why do veins have thin walls?

A

Because the blood pressure is low

26
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A

Helps blood flow in the right direction

27
Q

Describe the journey of deoxygenated blood?

A
  1. Blood (from body) enters heart through the vena cava
  2. Blood travels down the right atrium, though valve, to right ventricle
  3. Blood is then pumped to the lungs via pulmonary artery
28
Q

Describe the journey of oxygenated blood?

A
  1. Left atrium receives blood from the lungs via pulmonary vein
  2. Blood moves though the left ventricle
  3. Blood from the ventricle is then pumped into the whole body via aorta
29
Q

Describe the 1st circuit of a mammals circulatory system

A

Heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

30
Q

Describe the 2nd circuit of a mammals circulatory system

A

Oxygenated blood pumped to rest of the body

Delivering oxygen to cells in the body

31
Q

What kind of reaction is cellular respiration?

A

Exothermic

32
Q

What does cellular respiration release?

A

Energy for the metabolic process

Maintain steady body temperature

33
Q

When does aerobic respiration happen?

A

It happens when there’s plenty of oxygen

34
Q

When does anaerobic respiration happen?

A

During vigorous exercise

The muscle respire anaerobically

35
Q

Aerobic respiration equation

A

Glucose + oxygen —> carbon dioxide + water

36
Q

Anaerobic respiration equitation

A

Glucose —> lactic acid

37
Q

What does lactic acid do?

A

When built up in the muscle… it triggers pain and cramps

38
Q

Compare aerobic and anaerobic

A

Aerobic uses more energy than anaerobic

Biology (8 decks)

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