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Biology > Ecosystems And Material Cycle > Flashcards

Ecosystems And Material Cycle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different levels of organisation?

A

Individual
Population
Community
Ecosystem

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2
Q

Describe individual

A

Single organism

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3
Q

Describe population

A

One species in a habitat

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4
Q

Community

A

Different species in a habitat

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5
Q

Ecosystems

A

Community of organisms, along w/ abiotic factors

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6
Q

What is abiotic?

A

Non-living factors in an ecosystem

Affecting distribution of organisms

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7
Q

What is biotic factors?

A

Living organisms in an ecosystem

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8
Q

Examples of abiotic

A

Temperature

Light

Water

Pollutants

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9
Q

Examples biotic

A

Competition

Predation

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10
Q

What is interdependence?

A

How individual species are dependant on each other for resources

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11
Q

What does conservation mean?

A

Effort made to protect rare/endangered species

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12
Q

How can we conserve biodiversity?

A

Reforestation

Ecotourism

Ensuring minimal damage to food chain

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13
Q

What’s reforestation?

A

Replanting trees

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14
Q

How do you get higher biodiversity by reforestation?

A

Variety species of trees

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15
Q

What’s ecotourism?

A

Brings money to help conserve biodiversity areas

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16
Q

How does ensuring minimal damage on the food chain conserve biodiversity?

A

Conserving 1 species can help others survive

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17
Q

Name human interactions within the ecosystem

A

Fish farming

Eutrophication

Introduction to non-indigenous species

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18
Q

Positive of fish farming

A
  • can be treated for diseases

- protected by predators

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19
Q

Negative of fish farming

A
  • waste sinks to seabed = eutrophication

- disease can spread easily

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20
Q

What does eutrophication do to biodiversity?

A

Reduce it

21
Q

Explain eutrophication

A
  1. More nitrates added (fertiliser enters water)
  2. Excess nitrates blocks sun, producing algae
  3. Plants cant photosynthesise = death+decompose
  4. Decompose(food for micro-organisms)
    Micro-organisms increase (using more oxygen)
  5. Lack of oxygen = fish death
22
Q

Water cycle

A 
Evaporation 
Condensation 
Precipitation 
Transpiration 
Surface run-off 
Percolation 
Groundwater through flow
23
Q

Bacteria found in nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrogen-fixing

Decomposers

Nitrifying

Denitrifying

24
Q

Nitrogen fixing

A

Nitrogen gas —> nitrates

25
Q

Decomposers

A

Protein —> ammonia

26
Q

Nitrifying bacteria

A

Ammonia —> protein

27
Q

Denitrifying bacteria

A

Nitrates —> nitrogen gas

28
Q

What does the introduction on ingenious species do to biodiversity?

A

Reduces it

28
Q

Con of the introduction of non-indigenous species

A

Both compete for survival
Eventually indigenous species will die out

Non-indigenous species bring diseases

29
Q

What does lightening do? (Nitrogen cycle)

A

Provide energy for nitrogen and oxygen into nitrates in the soil

30
Q

Where is nitrogen fixing bacteria found?

A

Root nodule of a legume

31
Q

What takes up nitrates in the soil?

A

Roots of plants

32
Q

What do decomposes do to dead organisms?

A

They turn the proteins of the dead organisms into ammonium compound

33
Q

How is carbon released into the air via plant respiration?

A

Carbon in glucose is converted into carbon dioxide

34
Q

How is there carbon in trees?

A

Plants take in CO2 from atmosphere

Converting it into glucose

35
Q

How is carbon found in animals?

A

From animals eating the plants

36
Q

How does animal respiration produce carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?

A

Carbon in glucose converted into CO2 in atmosphere

37
Q

What happens when a plant dies? (Carbon cycle)

A

Decomposition

38
Q

How is carbon found in dead organisms?

A

Organisms (e.g animals) contain carbon form eating plants, therefore, carbon is still present in the dead organism

39
Q

How does decay in bacteria / respiration of decomposers contribute to the carbon cycle?

A

Decomposers break down carbon in dead organisms

Converts carbon into CO2 during respiration

40
Q

How is there carbon in fossil fuels?

A

Fossilisation is formed by the head and pressure of dead organisms

41
Q

How does combustion contribute to the carbon cycle?

A

When fossil fuels are being burnt…

Carbon is converted into CO2

42
Q

What’s the equation for combustion?

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen —> CO2 + H2O

43
Q

What are the 7 stages of the water cycle?

A

Evaporation

Condensation

Precipitation

Transpiration

Surface run-off

Percolation

Groundwater through flow

44
Q

Define potable water

A

Suitable for drinking

45
Q

How can one produce potable water during a drought?

A

Desalination

46
Q

Define desalination

A

Removing mineral ions from sea water

47
Q

Types of desalination

A

Distillation

Reverse osmosis

48
Q

Describe distillation

A

Water boiled

Evaporated

Salt left at the bottom

Water condenses (pure water)

Biology (8 decks)

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