excess mortality

Question 1

name and explain some biological risk factors

Answer 1

-genetics: FTO gene
-age: 85% of deaths are age related
-sex: females on average live 5 years longer than men due to different fat and muscle distribution

Question 2

social ecological model: the 5 domains that influences peoples health

Answer 2

1) individual
2) interpersonal (fammilies/ friends)
3)intertutional (school/ workplace)
3) community (culture/norms)
4) public policy (state/ local laws)

Question 3

name and explain three bariatric surgeries for weight loss

Answer 3

1) adjustable gastric band: is a band placed around top part of stomach to make the stomach smaller.
2) gastric bypass: the intestine is linked to the upper stomach called roux limb. then 3/4 of stomach is cut off.
3) vertical sleeve gastectomy: it removes funds, a large portion of the body and the atrium . thereby limiting entry in the stomach.

Question 4

name and explain two drugs used for weight loss

Answer 4

1) SGLT2- most common drug. blocks glucose absorption leading to glucose urinary excretion.
2) GLP-1 activates GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas which leads to enhanced insulin release and reduced glucagon release.

Question 5

how demographic factors can influence future health

Answer 5

population aging and migration- is putting stress on healthcare. death rate is stable therefore net migration adds to the population as there is more immigrating than emigrating.

Question 6

name some age related conditions.

Answer 6

-dementia
-fraility: degeneration of muscle leads to people not being able to preform simple tasks
sarcopenia: related to fragility. muscle degeneration and increase fat and fibrous tissue in muscle, making muscles more stiff and hard to move
- social isolation
-depression