excess morality lecture 6- risk factors (socioeconomic) Flashcards
what are the 4 indicators of socioeconomic status?
Male unemployment
Lack of ownership
Overcrowding in households
Low occupational social class (IV & V)
what is the corsairs index?
lack of car ownership is a simple solution but it doesn’t include health measures and only considers male unemployment
what is indices of multiple deprivation?
- Different ‘home nations’ in UK use different indices for SED.
Makes comparison between countries difficult
Attempts made to correct / standardise
what is the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD)?
shows the income, employment, education, health, access to services, crime and housing
what is the relationship between smoking and deprivation? and smoking and deaths
-the more deprived, the less people smoke
-Smokers had higher risk of death from each of the causes established as attributed to smoking compared to those people that never smoked.
-Diseases that have been established as caused by smoking accounted for ~83% of the total excess mortality observed among current smokers.
-Most of the remaining EM (16.9% among women and 15.3% among men) was accounted for by the additional outcomes shown in the Table above. A small proportion was due to other, less plausibly causal, associations with outcomes, such as suicide and accidents.
has alcohol consumption reduced and what countries are still most prevalent?
yes between 2000 and 2014, Lithuania and Russia still have the highest
does quitting smoking reduce the chances of disease?
yes, the longer quit then the more reduction of disease
who are more likely to drink to a dangerous level?
men. the comparison to male an female is 47% to 23% in 2003 now its 31% to 15% in 2022
what problems does alcohol cause?
In 2019;
- ~19.9 units per week per person sold in Scotland
~ 17.9 units per week in England & Wales
In 2023
-1277 deaths due to conditions caused by alcohol (1 more death in 2022)
-alcohol related liver disease
what is the relationship between heavy drinking and deprivation
the more deprived areas have less heavy drinkers than non but the opposite is seen is least deprived areas
what is a unit of alcohol?
Problem drinking scored by AUDIT (score 8+ on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test)
82% of adults reported drinking at low risk levels or were non-drinkers,
18% of adults in Scotland reported problem drinking
15% -drinking at hazardous levels
2%- harmful levels
1%- possible alcohol dependency
No more than 14 units.wk-1, spread across 3 days or more.
Units = (Strength (ABV) x volume (ml)) /1000
e.g. pint of average strength lager
(4.5 (%) x 568 (ml)) /1000 = 2.6 units i.e. 5pints.wk-1
