excercise physiology

Question 1

Physical activity

Answer 1

any bodily movement that comes from the contraction of skeletal muscle and increases energy expenditure

Question 2

Four major components of physical fitness

Answer 2

muscular strength, cardiovascular endurance, flexibility, body composition

Question 3

muscular strength

Answer 3

maximal force that a muscle or muscle group can exert duringa contraction (muscular endurance is the second part) (walkin up stairs, shoveling)

Question 4

cardiovascular

Answer 4

mxaimal capacity of the heart blood and lungs to deliver oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles so energy cna be produced (swimming, running)

Question 5

Flexibility

Answer 5

the ability to move joints through their normal full range of motion

Question 6

Body composition

Answer 6

the makeup of the body in relation to lean body mass(muscles, bones skin, organs) and boy fat (adipose tissue)

Question 7

essential fat needed for men, and women

Answer 7

2-5% and 10-13%

Question 8

cardiovascular and respiratory system

Answer 8

help convert fat and carbs into ATP

Question 9

three basic processe that must interact to provide adequate blood to tissues

Answer 9

pulmonary ventilation(get oxygen into blood), cardiac output(getting blood to tissues), extracting oxygen from blood to complete metabolic production of ATP

Question 10

pulmonary ventilation is a function of

Answer 10

depth (tidal volume) and rate of breathing

Question 11

people with ___ cannot move enough air through their lungs to oxygenate blood

Answer 11

asthma or emphysema

Question 12

anemia

Answer 12

people with low hemoglobin (protein that bonds to oxygen in blood) and cannot carry as much oxygen

Question 13

Delivery of blood to active cells is based on cardiac output (equation?)_

Answer 13

Cardiac Output (Q)= HR x SV (at rest 5 liters per minute, exercise 25 liters per minute)

Question 14

SV

Answer 14

Stroke volume, quantity of blood pumped per heart beat

Question 15

cardiovascular disease

Answer 15

percentae of end diastolic voume that is ejected with each contraction of the herat is reduced after loss of muscle of tissue

Question 16

ischemia

Answer 16

inadquate blood flow to the herat becuase of narrowed coronary arteries

Question 17

aerobic production fo ATIP takes place in the

Answer 17

mitochondria

Question 18

bioenergetics

Answer 18

foods are made up of protein, fats and carbs, digestion breaks fown into glucose, fatty acids and amino acids, which are absorbed to metabolically active cells to produce ATP or are stored as glycogen

Question 19

Resipiratory exchange ratio (RER)

Answer 19

the proportion of fat or carbohydrate that is beinged used for fuel at different excercise intensities (RER= CO2 produced/ O consumed)

Question 20

excellent measure of ones ability to preform sustained endurance excercise

Answer 20

oxygen consumption

Question 21

VO2 max

Answer 21

maximal aerobic capacity, when oxygen consumption is measured at maximal levels of exertion (mL of O consumed per kg of body weight per min)

Question 22

steady state

Answer 22

when the energy needs are being met aerobically

Question 23

parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 23

at rest, keeps HR, blood pressure and metabolism low (but when excercising this is inhibited and adrenaline sets in)

Question 24

VO2 and excercise

Answer 24

VO2 inceases when exercising but does not immediately meet physiological requirement resulting in oxygen deficit for a while (takes 2-4mins to meet needs, in mean time there is anaerobic)

Question 25

Excess post exercise consumption

Answer 25

as everything returns to resting levels, oxygen consumption decreases but still elevated, energy produced during this time replenishes phosphagens

Question 26

anaerobic threshold

Answer 26

when exercise intensity is so high, muscles supplement ATP production via anaerobic, if this is exceeded lactate accumulates and hyperventialtion occurs (attempting to breathe out more CO2 since there is less O)

Question 27

VT1 and VT2

Answer 27

first ventilatory threshold (first time lactate begins to accumulate and hyperventialtion relative to VO2), second ventilatory threshold (lactate is rapidly increasing and hyperventaliation relative to extra CO2 produced)

Question 28

SAID principle

Answer 28

specific adpation to imposed demands (conept is that the body will adpt to the specific challenges imposed upon it)

Question 29

two kinds of neurons

Answer 29

sensory (get impulses from skin to spinal cord and brain in CNS) and motor neurons (conduct impulses from CNS to muscles and such for movement)

Question 30

hypertophy

Answer 30

muscle building, increase in muscle size is dues to proliferation of actin and myosin myoflaments

Question 31

Growth Hormone and exercise

Answer 31

facilitates protein synthesis in the body

Question 32

Antidiuretic hormone

Answer 32

also called vasopressin, reduces urinary secretion of water in response to dehydration in exercise

Question 33

Aldosterone hormones

Answer 33

released by adrenal cortex, limits sodium excretion in urine

Question 34

Cortisol

Answer 34

helps to maintain blood glucose by brekaing down protein and triglycerides

Question 35

Glucagon

Answer 35

released when blood glucose is low, stimulates glucose release

Question 36

Insulin

Answer 36

released when blood glucose is high, and glucose is stored in tissues

Question 37

Amenorrhea

Answer 37

excessive training and women have decreased estrogen levels, can lead to no menstrual cycle and osteoporosis

Question 38

Female athlete triad

Answer 38

osteoporosis, disordered eating and amenorrhea

Question 39

excercising in heat

Answer 39

dissipating body heat is more difficult,higher HR, to reduce heat blood is broght to the skin surface to be cooled, therefore SV decreases and HR increases to maintain cardiac output

Question 40

exercising in the cold

Answer 40

excessive lost of body heat can lead to hypothermia, vasoconstrinctino (narrowing of blood vessels) and increased blood pressure

Question 41

Heat exhuastion symptoms

Answer 41

weak, rapid pulse, low blood pressure, headache, apleness, profuse sweating etc. treatment= stop exercises, fluids, law down and elevate feet

Question 42

Heat stroke symptoms

Answer 42

hot dry skin, labored breahting, rapid strong pulse. treatment, remove clothing, cool body immediately with ice, emergency room

Question 43

exercising at higher altitudes

Answer 43

less oxygen in the air, less oxygen available to person, have to reduce intesnity to maintain HR. altitude sickness inclusdes shortness of breathe, nausea

Question 44

exercising in pollution

Answer 44

bad for people with cardiovascular disease and can cause ischemia