Excel Spreadsheet Muscles Flashcards
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE MANDIBLE
Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral Pterygoid
Medial Pterygoid
all innervated by trigeminal
Masseter
elevates the mandible (biting)
innervated by trigeminal
Temporalis
retracts the mandible and assist with elevating the mandible (biting)
innervated by trigeminal
Lateral Pterygoid
protracts and depresses the mandible (opens the jaw)
innervated by trigeminal
Medial Pterygoid
protracts and elevates the mandible (closes the jaw)
innervated by trigeminal
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE TONGUE
Genioglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Hyoglossus
Occipitofrontalis
Origin: “Occipital belly: occipital bone
Frontal belly: galea aponeurotica”
INS: “Occipital belly: galea aponeurotica
Frontal belly: fascia and skin superior to eye and nose”
overall, elevates (raises) eyebrows and wrinkles skin of forehead horizontally as in look of surprise
facial nerve (CN VII): temporal branch
Zygomaticus major
Origin: zygomatic bone
INS: skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris
draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally, as in smiling
facial nerve (CN VII): zygomatic branch and buccal branch
Zygomaticus minor
Origin: zygomatic bone
Insertion: upper lip
raises (elevates) upper lip, exposing maxillary teeth
facial nerve (CN VII): zygomatic branch and buccal branch
Levator labii superioris
Origin: n/a
Insertion: skin at angle of mouth and orbicularis oris
raises (elevates) upper lip
facial nerve (CN VII): zygomatic branch
Depressor labii inferioris
Origin: n/a
Insertion: skin of lower lip
depresses (lowers) lower lip
facial nerve (CN VII): marginal mandibular branch
Depressor anguli oris
Insertion: n/a
Origin: angle of the mouth
draws angle of mouth laterally and inferiorly
facial nerve (CN VII): marginal mandibular branch
Orbicularis oris
Origin: muscle fibers surrounding the opening of the mouth
Insertion: skin at the corner of the mouth
closes and protrudes the lips; compresses lips against teeth; shapes lips during speech
facial nerve (CN VII): buccal branch
Buccinator
Origin: n/a
Insertion: orbicularis oris
presses cheeks against teeth and lips, as in whistling, blowing, sucking; draws corner of mouth laterally; assists in mastication (chewing) by keeping food between the teeth
facial nerve (CN VII): buccal branch
Risorius
Origin: N/A
Insertion: skin at the angle of the mouth
draws angle of the mouth laterally, as in grimacing
facial nerve (CN VII): buccal branch
Mentalis
Origin: n/a
Insertion: skin of chin
elevates and protrudes the lower lip and pulls up skin of chin, as in pouting
facial nerve (CN VII): marginal mandibular branch
Platysma (muscle of neck and facial expression)
Origin: n/a
Insertion: mandible, muscle around angle of mouth, and skin of lower face
draws outer part of lower lip inferiorly and posteriorly as in pouting; depresses mandible
facial nerve (CN VII): cervical branch
Orbicularis oculi
Origin: n/a
Insertion: circular path around orbit
closes and squints eye (orbital part), depresses upper eyelid and elevates lower eyelid
facial nerve (CN VII): temporal branch and zygomatic branch
Corrugator supercilii
Origin: n/a
Insertion: skin of eyebrow
draws eyebrow inferiorly and medially, wrinkles skin of forehead vertically as in frowning
facial nerve (CN VII): temporal branch
Sternocleidomastoid muscle
Origin: sternum and clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone
“contraction of both flexes the cervical vertebrae & extends head (thrust chin forward, keeping head level)
contraction of one, laterally flexes the neck and rotates face in opposite direction”
cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory)
Trapezius
cranial nerve XI (spinal accessory)
Rectus capitis posterior, both major and minor
mainly postural muscles, causing some combination of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and/or rotation at the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints
Obliquus capitis, both inferior and superior
mainly postural muscles, causing some combination of flexion, extension, lateral bending, and/or rotation at the atlanto-occipital and atlanto-axial joints
Suprahyoid muscles?
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Suprahyoid muscles that elevate the hyoid bone, floor of the oral cavity, and tongue during swallowing
Infrahyoid muscles
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid bone, and some move the larynx during swallowing and speech
Scalenes
Origin: Attach cervical vertebrae to uppermost ribs
Inisertion: Attach cervical vertebrae to uppermost ribs
Flex, laterally flex & rotate the head Participate in forced inspiration
cervical spinal nerves C3 – C8
External intercostal muscles
Origin: inferior border of rib above (travels obliquely-from lateral to medial)
Insertion: superior border of the rib below (travels obliquely-from lateral to medial)
Elevates the rib cage (muscle of inspiration)
Internal intercostal muscles
Origin: superior border of a rib below (fibers angle up and in at right angle to external intercostals)
Insertion: inferior border of the rib above (fibers angle up and in at right angle to external intercostals)
Action: Depress the rib cage, which is important in forced expiration
Transverse thoracic muscles
Origin: sternum
Insertion: cartilages of ribs 2 - 6
Depresses the ribs
Subcostal muscles
Origin: bridge two intercostal spaces
probably elevate the ribs, making them muscles of inspiration
Innermost intercostal muscles
Origin: bridge an intercostal space
probably muscles of expiration
