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microbiology > example of viral diseases prions > Flashcards

example of viral diseases prions Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

most prevalent human infections are caused by

A

viruses

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2
Q

chicken pox is caused by

A

varicella-zoster virus

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3
Q

characterization of chicken pox

A

systemic papular rash

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4
Q

when varicella-zoster rises to the skin surface

A

shingles

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5
Q

rhinovirus

A

single-stranded RNA virus

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6
Q

influenza is caused by

A

RNA virus of the orthomyxovirus group
- influenza A is the most important human pathogen

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7
Q

antigenic shift

A

abrupt, major change in the influenza A virus resulting in new subtype or virus. gene reassortment

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8
Q

antigenic drift

A

small changes in the genes of influenza virus that happen over time as the virus replicates

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9
Q

HIV causes AIDS

A

true

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10
Q

HIV pathogenesis

A
  • HIV infects cells that contain the CD4 cell surface protein
  • most commonly infected are macrophages and T-helper cells
  • HIV also interacts with coreceptors on target cells
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11
Q

HIV infection does not immediately kill the host cell

A

true

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12
Q

infection with HIV results in a progressive decline in what type of cells

A

CD4

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13
Q

when CD4 cells decline, ____production falls, leading to a reduction in ___________ ____________

A

cytokine///immune response

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14
Q

HIV-1

A

more virulent

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15
Q

HIV-2

A

less virulent and causes a milder AIDs-like disease

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16
Q

______ are common n AIDS paitients

A

opportunistic infections

17
Q

common pneumonia is caused by the protist

A

pneumocystis jiroveci

18
Q

RT-PCR

A

useful for early detection of HIV and monitoring the progression of infection

19
Q

HIV-EIA

A

diagnoses HIV

20
Q

HIV-immunoblot (rapid test)

A

fail to detect infection in individuals who recently acquired HIV

21
Q

rhabdovirus

A

negative stranded RNA virus
- enters body through wound or bite
- infects CNS of warm-blooded animals
- fatal if untreated

22
Q

hantavirus transmission

A

rodent excrement

23
Q

hantavirus infection treatment and prevention

A

handled in BSL-4
- no treatment or vaccine

24
Q

yellow fever transmission

A

aedes mosquito

25
Q

yellow fever treatment

A

preventable by vaccine
- no antiviral drugs are effective

26
Q

dengue fever transmission

A

aedes mosquito

27
Q

dengue fever treatment

A

most improve on their own
- no vaccine, no drugs

28
Q

west nile transmission

A

mosquito bite (seasonally)
birds are reservoirs

29
Q

covid vaccine

A

mRNA based, viral antigens are made by human cells and then antibody is produced

30
Q

mRNA encodes SARS CoV2_____

A

spike protein

31
Q

vaccine efficacy

A

how many vaccinated people did not get the disease vs the unvaccinated

microbiology (12 decks)

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