example of viral diseases prions Flashcards
most prevalent human infections are caused by
viruses
chicken pox is caused by
varicella-zoster virus
characterization of chicken pox
systemic papular rash
when varicella-zoster rises to the skin surface
shingles
rhinovirus
single-stranded RNA virus
influenza is caused by
RNA virus of the orthomyxovirus group
- influenza A is the most important human pathogen
antigenic shift
abrupt, major change in the influenza A virus resulting in new subtype or virus. gene reassortment
antigenic drift
small changes in the genes of influenza virus that happen over time as the virus replicates
HIV causes AIDS
true
HIV pathogenesis
- HIV infects cells that contain the CD4 cell surface protein
- most commonly infected are macrophages and T-helper cells
- HIV also interacts with coreceptors on target cells
HIV infection does not immediately kill the host cell
true
infection with HIV results in a progressive decline in what type of cells
CD4
when CD4 cells decline, ____production falls, leading to a reduction in ___________ ____________
cytokine///immune response
HIV-1
more virulent
HIV-2
less virulent and causes a milder AIDs-like disease
______ are common n AIDS paitients
opportunistic infections
common pneumonia is caused by the protist
pneumocystis jiroveci
RT-PCR
useful for early detection of HIV and monitoring the progression of infection
HIV-EIA
diagnoses HIV
HIV-immunoblot (rapid test)
fail to detect infection in individuals who recently acquired HIV
rhabdovirus
negative stranded RNA virus
- enters body through wound or bite
- infects CNS of warm-blooded animals
- fatal if untreated
hantavirus transmission
rodent excrement
hantavirus infection treatment and prevention
handled in BSL-4
- no treatment or vaccine
yellow fever transmission
aedes mosquito
yellow fever treatment
preventable by vaccine
- no antiviral drugs are effective
dengue fever transmission
aedes mosquito
dengue fever treatment
most improve on their own
- no vaccine, no drugs
west nile transmission
mosquito bite (seasonally)
birds are reservoirs
covid vaccine
mRNA based, viral antigens are made by human cells and then antibody is produced
mRNA encodes SARS CoV2_____
spike protein
vaccine efficacy
how many vaccinated people did not get the disease vs the unvaccinated
