Example exam

Question 1

a) Describe the first step of the flex-step method

b) Include in your answer the systems analysis tools and explain how these tools can be used.

Answer 1

1. Problem formulation:
   - definition of boundary conditions
   - identify stakeholders
   - detailed problem definition
   The main goal of this step is to come to a clear description of the problem under consideration, leading to the formulation of the objective. It needs to be based on a solid understanding of the problem: processes involved and impacts as far as they are understood. It needs to reflect the uncertainties in the current knowledge and models. The objective, based on the problem definition, needs to be formulated with consideration of time available for the study and the means ( financial, models, etc.) that can be applied.
   The study could be a research ( aimed at generating new knowledge) or an assessment ( aimed at applying existing knowledge).

ESA tools: A casual diagram ( e.g. DPSIR framework could be used to better understand and explain the problem being considered.
Stakeholder analysis - is useful in identifying the relevant stakeholders, their interest and influence in the problem.
Indicator development - not sure?

Question 2

a) Describe the second step of the flex-step method

b) Include in your answer the systems analysis tools and explain how these tools can be used.

Answer 2

2. Analysis
   - Develop a research approach
   - Develop/ apply model/ tools
   - Analyse and rank alternatives.
   ESA tools: environmental modelling - to construct and apply the model
   ECBA - to rank different solutions based on the ecological and economic criteria
   etc.

The second step, Analysis, involves the actual research. It usually starts with a methodology + inventory of required data. Then the model itself is developed ( mathematical model, spreadsheet model, a spatial model or a system dynamics model ( comprising flows and state parameters)) to analyse the past or a current situation, the future in form of different scenarios, or to identify optimal approach to deal with the environmental problem.
In case multiple approaches are found, these need to be ranked in terms of specific criteria: economic, social, technical, ecological, legal etc.

Question 3

a) Describe the third step of the flex-step method

b) Include in your answer the systems analysis tools and explain how these tools can be used.

Answer 3

The 3rd, dissemination step is to synthesize and communicate the results in a certain way depending on the target group. Iterations to improve the system analysis is welcome and stakeholder engagement is essential in this step ( as in all the steps)