Example Exam Flashcards
What are the concepts of actual and potential severity?
Actual Severity: What actually happened in a specific instance (e.g., crash or near-crash).
Potential Severity: What could have happened, including probabilities of different outcomes.
Provide two examples of actual severity for crashes and near-crashes.
Crash: Impact speed, Delta-V, injury.
Near-crash: Time to collision, time to lane crossing, post-encroachment time.
Reflect on the pros and cons of using actual and potential severity in safety assessments.
Actual Severity:
Pro: Represents real events, so it is accurate.
Con: Low frequency of severe crashes makes it less generalizable.
Potential Severity:
Pro: Allows for unlimited crash simulations with good probability models.
Con: Hard to create accurate models for probabilities affecting outcomes.
Explain multi-path propagation in the context of cooperative applications.
Wireless signals travel from transmitter to receiver via multiple paths. Each path carries the same information, but differences in amplitude and phase occur by the time the signal reaches the receiver.
How does fading relate to multi-path propagation?
Fading occurs due to constructive and destructive interference between signals traveling via different paths, causing variations in signal amplitude.
The Michon levels are:
- Strategic level: Strategic decisions, e.g., choice of means of transport, setting of a route
goal, and route-choice (where to go, when to go, how to get there) - Tactical level: Decisions in local situations including speed selection, lane selection and
decision to overtake - Operational level: Basic vehicle-control processes, e.g., lane and distance keeping
