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World History > EXAMMMM 5 > Flashcards

EXAMMMM 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

list the major enlightenment thinkers

A

thomas hobbes, john locke, voltaire, Rousseau, montesquieu

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2
Q

hobbes

A

wrote leviathan
men are created evil
govt. need to control humanity

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3
Q

locke

A

all people are born equal

all have life liberty and property

purpose of govt. is to protect people

tabula rosa (born with blank slate/no ideas and is shaped by life experiences)
SOCIAL CONTRACT

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4
Q

voltaire

A

promoted freedom of thought
separation of church and state
religious tolerance

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5
Q

Rousseau

A

man is born free
government should work for common good

if not, people have a right to overthrow the government

govt. get power from people

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6
Q

baron de montesquieu

A

divide govt according to power
legislative (make laws)
executive (protect laws)
judicial (interprets laws)

seperation of power within checks and balences
basis of US constitution

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7
Q

Describe and name the four stages of revolutions (Brinton)

A

Phase 1: Preliminary Stage
Before fighting, talking stage
Phase 2: Moderate Stage
Fighting starts, fighting still follows rules
Phase 3: Radical Stage
Opposing group seen as “other”, torture, mass murder, terrorism, foreign powers
Phase 4: Recovery Stage
Return to “normal”, shift to new order

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8
Q

imperialism

A

Extending or maintaining control over a foreign nation - usually involves a takeover of land, can involve military

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9
Q

Describe imperialism by Britain

A

India, Canada, Australia: Military and Economic Takeover

India was considered to be a model colony so there tactics were copied

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10
Q

Describe imperialism by Belgian Congo

A

Owned privately by King Leopold 2 of Belgium
Controlled to gain rubber
Mistreatment of workers led to international outcry

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11
Q

Describe imperialism by United States

A

Imperialism for Western Expansion
Concept of “manifest destiny”
Won other regions through war (Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guan, Samoa, Hawaii)

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12
Q

Manifest Destiny:

A

idea that America And Europe are exceptional and are descended by Shem (blessed son) so essentially, God blessed them and they used this to control Native Americans

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13
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

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14
Q

Roosevelt Corollary:

A

a document that says if a country in Latin America becomes unstable the US has the duty to go into the country and overthrow the government and put in a new one that supports America

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15
Q

Indian Famine:

A

goods were shipped back to Britain from India, letting people starve so millions of Indians died

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16
Q

Sepoy Revolt:

A

Britain created conflicts between muslims and hindus (sepoy: Indian Native Military Member

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17
Q

Congo rubber plantations:

A

forced labor and violent coercion were used to collect the rubber cheaply and maximize profit.

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18
Q

Describe Social Darwinism and its uses

A

Social Darwinism is the idea that all descended from apes and certain people are more powerful in society because they are inatley better
used to scientifically justify racism, imperialism, social inequality, used to prove criminals are geneticaly misfits

Apes became Africans Asians became Europeans - Further evolved from apes, The better the race is

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19
Q

Explain the difference between the first and second Industrial Revolutions

A

1st Revolution brought the innovation of machines and the steam engine, advancments in fields of textile, iron working, and steam power, water-powered

2nd Revolution : the build-out of railroads, large-scale iron and steel production, widespread use of machinery in manufacturing, greatly increased use of steam power

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20
Q

List technological advances for both the first and second Industrial Revolutions differentiate between two

A

First: steam engine, steam ships, canals, water frame, motors
Second: Railroad, Telephones, Steel, Auto, bikes

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21
Q

Describe changes that occur from 1700 to 1900 due to industrialization

A

significant growth in export economies, growth of cities,
development fo working class movements

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22
Q

Explain how the Enclosure Acts affects both the upper class and the farmers

A

The enclosure acts allowed
wealthy nobles/upper class to divide the commons and buy it to gain more land and become more wealthy

poor farmers were pushed off land, unable to feed themselves or animals, loss livliehood

23
Q

Compare the lifestyle of the business owners and the factory workers between 1750-1900

A

Factory workers
would work about 15 hour days, 6 days a week
Turned to alcohol bc stress
Would be so tired would walk into machinery and die
Would get badly injured by machinery bc exhaustion
Expected to come always cant be late or fired

24
Q

Explain the effects of industrialization on men, women and children

A

Men work long hours turn to alcoholism
women start to work outside of home
children put in dangerous situations for cheap labor and work dangerous jobs

25
Q

imperialism on banana republics

A

Banana Republic - US- United Fruit Company sells fruit and keeps track of the government.(Foreign)

26
Q

imperialism Scramble for Africa

A

Got divided up (Europe wanted resources) Added transcontinental railroads to ship diamonds faster

27
Q

Utopianism

A

blueprint for an ideal society
no social class tension / struggle
people do the job they want to do, not for money for a good society
criticized for being naive and unrealistic
want to work but jealousy from money comes

28
Q

Anarchy

A

belief in no overarching authority in society
morally destifies the idea of “state” bc immoral to tell people what to do
no group has the right to take authority over society
tied to socialism and worker unions

29
Q

Communism

A

communist manifesto
increased government control
government controls production and cosumption

30
Q

Communist Manifesto

A

Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels wrote
says only 2 people
proletariat-working class, supplies labor, doesn’t matter education
bourgeoise- upper class, supplies capital, don’t work
everything thing that has happened in history is because of the two groups fighting

at some point the proletariats will get tired of working for bourgeoise and rebel and overthrow

31
Q

capatalism

A

supply and demand
Laissez-Faire “minimal government interference in the economy”
Lack of govt. regulation

private ownership of production and profit, consumer determine bought and sold

32
Q

Labor Union

A

association of similar workers fighting to secure improvements (usually make commitee)
Ex. American Federation of Labor
collective bargaining

33
Q

Strikes

A

work stoppage by mass refusal to workers, common in Europe and the Americas
peace owner hire to replace people

Picketers(workers on strike) and Scabs (the people the owners hire to replace people on strike)

34
Q

Secret Soceties

A

because of strikes, it became dangerous to be in a labor union, so went underground to make secret societies

35
Q

Explain the difference between push and pull factors in migration

A

Push factors are factors that push you away from a country, make you want to leave
Pull factors are factors that pull you to a country, make you want to move there

36
Q

Provide examples of push and pull factors of migration

A

PUSH: diseases, natural disasters, religious reasons, war
PULL: money opportunities, education, laws/rights, job opportunities

37
Q

Explain the difference between immigration, emigration and migration

A

Migration: the movement of people or animals from one place to another
Emigration: you are exiting a place
Immigration: coming to a new place

38
Q

Analyze various reasons for global migrations between 1750-1900 and provide examples

A

A large amount of Africans immigrated to the US because of slavery (involuntary)
A large amount of Europeans immigrated to the US

39
Q

analyze the various viewpoints of the owners, workers and state and city of New York in relation to the Triangle Shirtwist Fire

A

owner felt like it was the governments fault/workers fault for not cleaning scraps and smoking
workers blamed owners for lack of care, overcrowded wor conditions, bad enviorment
City of New York didnt take blame for incident but changed regulations

40
Q

industrialization

A

the process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing.

41
Q

urbanization

A

the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Urbanisation occurs because people move from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas

42
Q

urban planning

A

develop comprehensive plans and programs for use of land and physical facilities in cities, counties, metropolitan areas, and other jurisdictions.

43
Q

tenements

A

building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor and with shared entrance stairway access.

44
Q

Cult of domesticity:

A

women stay in house to prove men can support, should have 1 servant, children should play instruments and be sent to college to be better than the parents

45
Q

“nouveau riche”

A

people from a low social class who have recently become very rich and like to show this publicly by spending a lot of money

46
Q

water frame

A

new machine can spin and weave cloth 100 times faster than humans (river powered)

47
Q

economic imperialism

A

using economic means to influence or control a foreign country or territory.

48
Q

civilizing mission

A

a belief held by many colonial powers that it was their duty to bring the benefits of Western civilization to “uncivilized” or “primitive” peoples around the world.

justification for imperialism

49
Q

jesuits

A

a Roman Catholic order of religious men founded by St. Ignatius of Loyolajesuits

50
Q

cecil rhodes and debeers diamonds

A

prime minister of Cape Colony and organizer of the giant diamond-mining company De Beers Consolidated Mines,

51
Q

Molly Maguires

A

irish, coal miners
very violent - used terrorist methods

52
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

samuel gompers found it
formed the idea of collective bargaining (one person represents the group who all wants something to talk to boss)
labour union

53
Q

samuel gompers

A

founder of american deferation of labour

World History (11 decks)

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