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EXAMMMM 5 Flashcards

1
Q

list the major enlightenment thinkers

A

thomas hobbes, john locke, voltaire, Rousseau, montesquieu

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2
Q

hobbes

A

wrote leviathan
men are created evil
govt. need to control humanity

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3
Q

locke

A

all people are born equal

all have life liberty and property

purpose of govt. is to protect people

tabula rosa (born with blank slate/no ideas and is shaped by life experiences)
SOCIAL CONTRACT

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4
Q

voltaire

A

promoted freedom of thought
separation of church and state
religious tolerance

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5
Q

Rousseau

A

man is born free
government should work for common good

if not, people have a right to overthrow the government

govt. get power from people

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6
Q

baron de montesquieu

A

divide govt according to power
legislative (make laws)
executive (protect laws)
judicial (interprets laws)

seperation of power within checks and balences
basis of US constitution

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7
Q

Describe and name the four stages of revolutions (Brinton)

A

Phase 1: Preliminary Stage
Before fighting, talking stage
Phase 2: Moderate Stage
Fighting starts, fighting still follows rules
Phase 3: Radical Stage
Opposing group seen as “other”, torture, mass murder, terrorism, foreign powers
Phase 4: Recovery Stage
Return to “normal”, shift to new order

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8
Q

imperialism

A

Extending or maintaining control over a foreign nation - usually involves a takeover of land, can involve military

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9
Q

Describe imperialism by Britain

A

India, Canada, Australia: Military and Economic Takeover

India was considered to be a model colony so there tactics were copied

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10
Q

Describe imperialism by Belgian Congo

A

Owned privately by King Leopold 2 of Belgium
Controlled to gain rubber
Mistreatment of workers led to international outcry

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11
Q

Describe imperialism by United States

A

Imperialism for Western Expansion
Concept of “manifest destiny”
Won other regions through war (Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guan, Samoa, Hawaii)

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12
Q

Manifest Destiny:

A

idea that America And Europe are exceptional and are descended by Shem (blessed son) so essentially, God blessed them and they used this to control Native Americans

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13
Q

Monroe Doctrine

A

warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere

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14
Q

Roosevelt Corollary:

A

a document that says if a country in Latin America becomes unstable the US has the duty to go into the country and overthrow the government and put in a new one that supports America

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15
Q

Indian Famine:

A

goods were shipped back to Britain from India, letting people starve so millions of Indians died

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16
Q

Sepoy Revolt:

A

Britain created conflicts between muslims and hindus (sepoy: Indian Native Military Member

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17
Q

Congo rubber plantations:

A

forced labor and violent coercion were used to collect the rubber cheaply and maximize profit.

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18
Q

Describe Social Darwinism and its uses

A

Social Darwinism is the idea that all descended from apes and certain people are more powerful in society because they are inatley better
used to scientifically justify racism, imperialism, social inequality, used to prove criminals are geneticaly misfits

Apes became Africans Asians became Europeans - Further evolved from apes, The better the race is

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19
Q

Explain the difference between the first and second Industrial Revolutions

A

1st Revolution brought the innovation of machines and the steam engine, advancments in fields of textile, iron working, and steam power, water-powered

2nd Revolution : the build-out of railroads, large-scale iron and steel production, widespread use of machinery in manufacturing, greatly increased use of steam power

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20
Q

List technological advances for both the first and second Industrial Revolutions differentiate between two

A

First: steam engine, steam ships, canals, water frame, motors
Second: Railroad, Telephones, Steel, Auto, bikes

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21
Q

Describe changes that occur from 1700 to 1900 due to industrialization

A

significant growth in export economies, growth of cities,
development fo working class movements

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22
Q

Explain how the Enclosure Acts affects both the upper class and the farmers

A

The enclosure acts allowed
wealthy nobles/upper class to divide the commons and buy it to gain more land and become more wealthy

poor farmers were pushed off land, unable to feed themselves or animals, loss livliehood

23
Q

Compare the lifestyle of the business owners and the factory workers between 1750-1900

A

Factory workers
would work about 15 hour days, 6 days a week
Turned to alcohol bc stress
Would be so tired would walk into machinery and die
Would get badly injured by machinery bc exhaustion
Expected to come always cant be late or fired

24
Q

Explain the effects of industrialization on men, women and children

A

Men work long hours turn to alcoholism
women start to work outside of home
children put in dangerous situations for cheap labor and work dangerous jobs

25
imperialism on banana republics
Banana Republic - US- United Fruit Company sells fruit and keeps track of the government.(Foreign)
26
imperialism Scramble for Africa
Got divided up (Europe wanted resources) Added transcontinental railroads to ship diamonds faster
27
Utopianism
blueprint for an ideal society no social class tension / struggle people do the job they want to do, not for money for a good society criticized for being naive and unrealistic want to work but jealousy from money comes
28
Anarchy
belief in no overarching authority in society morally destifies the idea of “state” bc immoral to tell people what to do no group has the right to take authority over society tied to socialism and worker unions
29
Communism
communist manifesto increased government control government controls production and cosumption
30
Communist Manifesto
Karl Marx and Fredrich Engels wrote says only 2 people proletariat-working class, supplies labor, doesn’t matter education bourgeoise- upper class, supplies capital, don’t work everything thing that has happened in history is because of the two groups fighting at some point the proletariats will get tired of working for bourgeoise and rebel and overthrow
31
capatalism
supply and demand Laissez-Faire "minimal government interference in the economy" Lack of govt. regulation private ownership of production and profit, consumer determine bought and sold
32
Labor Union
association of similar workers fighting to secure improvements (usually make commitee) Ex. American Federation of Labor collective bargaining
33
Strikes
work stoppage by mass refusal to workers, common in Europe and the Americas peace owner hire to replace people Picketers(workers on strike) and Scabs (the people the owners hire to replace people on strike)
34
Secret Soceties
because of strikes, it became dangerous to be in a labor union, so went underground to make secret societies
35
Explain the difference between push and pull factors in migration
Push factors are factors that push you away from a country, make you want to leave Pull factors are factors that pull you to a country, make you want to move there
36
Provide examples of push and pull factors of migration
PUSH: diseases, natural disasters, religious reasons, war PULL: money opportunities, education, laws/rights, job opportunities
37
Explain the difference between immigration, emigration and migration
Migration: the movement of people or animals from one place to another Emigration: you are exiting a place Immigration: coming to a new place
38
Analyze various reasons for global migrations between 1750-1900 and provide examples
A large amount of Africans immigrated to the US because of slavery (involuntary) A large amount of Europeans immigrated to the US
39
analyze the various viewpoints of the owners, workers and state and city of New York in relation to the Triangle Shirtwist Fire
owner felt like it was the governments fault/workers fault for not cleaning scraps and smoking workers blamed owners for lack of care, overcrowded wor conditions, bad enviorment City of New York didnt take blame for incident but changed regulations
40
industrialization
the process of transforming the economy of a nation or region from a focus on agriculture to a reliance on manufacturing.
41
urbanization
the increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities. Urbanisation occurs because people move from rural areas (countryside) to urban areas
42
urban planning
develop comprehensive plans and programs for use of land and physical facilities in cities, counties, metropolitan areas, and other jurisdictions.
43
tenements
building shared by multiple dwellings, typically with flats or apartments on each floor and with shared entrance stairway access.
44
Cult of domesticity:
women stay in house to prove men can support, should have 1 servant, children should play instruments and be sent to college to be better than the parents
45
"nouveau riche"
people from a low social class who have recently become very rich and like to show this publicly by spending a lot of money
46
water frame
new machine can spin and weave cloth 100 times faster than humans (river powered)
47
economic imperialism
using economic means to influence or control a foreign country or territory.
48
civilizing mission
a belief held by many colonial powers that it was their duty to bring the benefits of Western civilization to "uncivilized" or "primitive" peoples around the world. justification for imperialism
49
jesuits
a Roman Catholic order of religious men founded by St. Ignatius of Loyolajesuits
50
cecil rhodes and debeers diamonds
prime minister of Cape Colony and organizer of the giant diamond-mining company De Beers Consolidated Mines,
51
Molly Maguires
irish, coal miners very violent - used terrorist methods
52
American Federation of Labor
samuel gompers found it formed the idea of collective bargaining (one person represents the group who all wants something to talk to boss) labour union
53
samuel gompers
founder of american deferation of labour

World History (11 decks)

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